9 | ILLYRICUM, Roman province from 168, and hostile for the whole time, subdued by Tiberius, divided into 2 imperial provinces, PANNONIA and DALMATIA. | 8 DGRG 2-542 9 B76 2-615, DGRBM 3-1118, IDB 4-102, OCD 310, 775 |
9 | LIBURNIA, part of Illyricum from ?, absorbed into Dalmatia. | 9 guess |
9 | GERMANICUS stays in Dalmatia. TIBERIUS returns to Rome. | 9 DGRBM 1-475 |
10 | TIBERIUS marches from Pannonia, takes command of the Rhine army. | 10 DGRBM 1-348, GHH, HRE 137, wikTi 11 DGRBM 2-258 |
c.10 | OVID publishes Tristia . | 9-17 B76 13-799 |
c.10 | OVID publishes Letters from the Black Sea . | 9-17 B76 13-799 |
12 | Son of Cotys-4, RHOEMETALCES-I dies. Client king of Thrace from 11BC. Sons COTYS and RHESCUPORIS succeed until 19. THRACE, client kingdom 129BC-45CE, PARTITIONED by Augustus RHESCUPORIS gets barbarous interior & title of dynast. COTYS gets the civilized coast. |
12 OCD 1066, wikOK, wikRm1, wikRTD |
14 | TIBERIUS comes from Rome to Illyricum, to resume supreme command. | 14 CAH 10-158, DGRBM 1-429, HRE 138 |
14 Aug 19 | AUGUSTUS dies. TIBERIUS succeeds until 37. |
14 | TIBERIUS learns of Augustus death, returns to Rome. | 14 implied |
14 | Legions in Pannonia and Germany have not been paid bonuses promised by Augustus. They expect action from Tiberius. | 14 wikTi |
14 | Roman legions in Pannonia learn of death of Augustus, and mutiny under Percennius, a common soldier. In Germany also. | 14 CAH 10-805, DGRBM 2-258, 3-185, GHH, MCAW |
14 | Q. Junius BLAESUS commanding legions VIII, XIX, & XV in Pannonia, allows his men rest from military duties. Soldier Percennius addresses the men, saying they need a fixed contract, a term of service of 16 seasons instead of 25 or 30, and a pay raise. | TAn 1:16 14 DGRBM 1-491, OCD 170, wikDJC |
14 | Legions VIII, XIX, & XV at Emona in Pannonia demand a denarius a day per man, 16 year term limit. Legate Blaesus can't stop them. | TAn 1:17 14 DGRBM 1-491, OCD 170 |
14 Sep 26 | Son of Tiberius, DRUSUS Julius Caesar, and L. Aelius SEJANUS with 2 praetorian cohorts and some leading citizens arrive from Rome to quell mutiny, at Emona Pannonia. Gn. Cossus Cornelius Lentullus accompanies. | TAn 1:24 14 B76 III-678, DGRBM 2-733, GHH, MCAW, OCD 595, wikDJC 15 wikSj |
14 Sep 27 |
LUNAR ECLIPSE convinces mutineers in Pannonia that the gods don't approve of their mutiny. | TAn 1:28 14 DGRBM 3-1119, GHH, MCAW, OCD 170, wikDJC |
14 | DRUSUS Julius Caesar executes leaders of mutiny and returns to Rome. | TAn 1:28 14 OCD 170, wikDJC |
14 | P. Cornelius DOLABELLA becomes legate propraetor in Dalmatia until 20. | 14 OCD 359, wikDRP |
14 | CARNUNTUM Noricum is assigned to Pannonia. | 14 OCD 207 |
14 | Legion-XV Apollinaris is transferred from Emona to Carnuntum Noricum until 62. | 14 OCD 207 |
15 | 1st propraetor of Thrace. | 15 DGRG 2-1189 |
15 | GREEKS ask Tiberius to put them under a legate rather than the senate. | 15 ISBE 2-567 |
15 | MOESIA becomes a province. | 15 B76 VI-964 |
15 | MACEDONIA & ACHAEA, senatorial provinces from 27 BC, changed to imperial provinces until 44, and attached to Moesia until 44. | TAn 1:76 15 BAA 346, BBA 352, CAH 10, ISBE 2-567, Tmsn 396 16 DGRG 1-17 |
15 | Poppaeus SABINUS becomes governor of Moesia, and remains gov of the enlarged Moesia until 35. | TAn 1:80 15 DGRBM 3-691, wikGPS |
17 | L. Pomponius FLACCUS becomes governor of Moesia until ?. | 17 wikLPF 19 DGRBM 2-156 |
17 | Son of Tiberius, DRUSUS Julius Caesar is sent from Rome to Illyricum until 20, to observe affairs in Europe. | TAn 2:44 16 DGRBM 1-1087 17 B76 III-678, GHH, HRE 175, OCD 366, TTPC, wikDJC |
17 | OVID dies age 59. Banished to Tomi in Scythian Thrace from 9 CE. | 17 B76 13-799, CDCC 635, GHH, HRE 158, SHWC 143 18 CAH 10-533 DGRBM 3-71, Dur 3-210, MCAW, TToH |
17 | GERMANICUS sails from Rome to visit Drusus in Illyricum enroute to Asia. Agrippina and 3rd son Caius accompany. | 17 GHH, CAH 10-620 |
17 | GERMANICUS sails down the Illyrian coast to Epirus. He arrives at Nicopolis near Actium. | 17 GHH, CAH 10-620 |
17 | GERMANICUS goes from Illyricum to Greece, then to Asia. Agrippina and 3rd son Caius accompany. | 17 DGRBM 1-80, GHH, wikGrm |
17/18 | Gn. Calpurnius PISO leaves Rome for the east, but sails directly to Athens. His wife Plancina accompanies. | 17 wikGrm |
17/18 | Gn. Calpurnius PISO sails from Athens to Rhodes. | 17/18 wikGrm |
18 Jan | GERMANICUS takes up his 2nd consulship. | 18 wikGrm |
18 | GERMANICUS goes from Greece to Lesbos to Thrace, reforms administration. Agrippina and 3rd son Caius accompany. | TAn 2:54 18 CAH 10-620, DGRG 2-1189, wikGrm |
18 | GERMANICUS goes from Thrace to Asia. Agrippina and 3rd son Caius accompany. | 18 CAH 10-620, wikGrm |
18 mid | Son of Tiberius, DRUSUS Julius Caesar, governor of Illyricum 17-20, learns from a former captive of Maroboduus, Catualda, that Maroboduus is weak and that it is a good time to attack. | 18 wikDJC |
19 | DRUSUS Julius Caesar, governor of Illyricum 17-20, sent to Germany, sews discord among Germans, urges them to complete the destruction of Maroboduus. | TAn 2:62 19 GHH |
19 | Latinius PANDUS dies. Governor of Moesia from ?. | TAn 2:66 19 DGRBM 3-111 |
c.19 | COTYS dies. Client king of coastal Thrace from 12, killed by bro RHESCUPORIS, king of central Thrace, who succeeds. | 19 DGRBM 1-870, OCD 1066, wikOK, wikRTD |
19 | King of Thrace, RHESCUPORIS dies. Tricked and captured by Pomponius FLACCUS, governor of Moesia. Rhescuporis is taken to Rome and executed. Leaves a son, Rhoemetalces. | TAn 2:67 18 wikRm2 19 DGRBM 3-647, OCD 1066, wikOK |
19 | THRACE, client kingdom 129BC-46CE, unstable since the settlement of 19, some tribes besiege Rhoemetalces in Philipopolis. Disturbances quelled by P. VELLAEUS with no Romans killed. | TAn 3:39 19 CAH 10 |
19 | THRACE, client kingdom 129BC-46CE, divided between children. West (Moesia) goes to son of Rhescuporis, RHOEMETALCES-II until 38. East goes to sons of Cotys, 1 of whom is another RHOEMETALCES. Both are under Trebellienus RUFUS. |
TAn 2:67 18 wikRm2 19 DGRBM 3-677, OCD 1066, wikOK, wikRTD |
19 Oct 20 |
Sis of Germanicus, LIVILLA, wife of Drusus, bears twins in Illyricum or Germany?: Oldest is named Germanicus d.23. Other Tiberius Gemellus d.37. | TAn 2:84 19 CAH 10-211, 624, wikDJC, wikGrm |
19 | Gn. Calpurnius PISO former governor of Syria sails from Cilicia to Illyricum, visits Drusus, sends son ahead to pacify Tiberius, proceeds by land to Italy, parties and shows festive spirit. | TAn 2:80, 3:8 19 MCAW, TTPC |
19 Dec | Son of Tiberius, DRUSUS Julius Caesar, governor of Illyricum from 17, returns to Rome to be consul 21. | 19 Dec wikDJC 20 B76 III-678 |
20 | P. Cornelius DOLABELLA, legate pro-praetor in Dalmatia from 14, returns to Rome. L. Volusius SATURNINUS succeeds until 37. | 20 OCD 359, wikDRP |
c.23 | Greek geographer, philosopher historian STRABO dies in Pontus. |
26 | THRACE, client kingdom 129BC-46CE, mountain tribes rebel. Poppaeus SABINUS, governor of Moesia, gets reinforcements from Rhoemetalces and Pomponius LABEO, and quells rebellion. | TAn 4:46, 50 26 CAH 10, DGRG 2-1178, 1183, GHH, wikGPS |
26 | Thracian tribes refuse to suppy Romans with recruits. | 26 DGRG 2-465 |
c.26 | RHOEMETALCES-II helps Romans subdue rebel Thracians. | 26 DGRBM 3-653 |
31 | P. Memmius REGULUS becomes governor of Macedonia and Achaea until 37 | 31 wikARp |
31 | A man pretending to be DRUSUS, son of Germanicus & Agrippina, appears in Greece claiming to have escaped from Roman prison. He is caught at Nicopolis, and admits being a son of M. Silanus. | TAn 5:10 31 DGRBM 1-1088 |
32±1 | Poppaeus SABINUS, governor of Moesia from before 15, returns to Rome. Pomponius LABEO succeeds until 34. | 31 or later TAn 5:10 pre 34 TAn 6:29 |
34 | Pomponius LABEO, legate of Moesia from 32, returns to Rome. | 34 guess |
35 Dec | P. Memius REGULUS becomes governor of Moesia until 44. | 35 OCD 911 |
37 Mar 16 | TIBERIUS dies. CALIGULA succeeds until 41. |
37 | L. Volusius SATURNINUS, governor of Dalmatia from 20, ends. No data until 41. | 37 wikDRP |
37 | P. Memmius REGULUS governor of Macedonia and Achaea from 31, ends. Sparse data until 98. | 37 wikARp |
38 | Son of Rhescuporis-II, RHOEMETALCES-II ends. Client king of west Thrace (Moesia) from 19. Son of Cotys, and part ruler of east Thrace from 19, RHOEMETALCES-III succeeds until 46. Wife and cousin PYTHODORIS-II co-rules. | 38 DGRBM 1-870, 3-653, DGRG 2-1189, OCD 1066, wikOK, wikRm2, wikRTD |
39 | C. Calvisius SABINUS governor of Pannonia from ?, recalled to Rome by Nero, who suspects him and his wife of plotting. | 39 wikGCS |
40 | Memius REGULUS, governor of Achaea, is ordered by Caligula to package up the statue of Zeus at Olympia and send it to Rome, so Caligula can decapitate it and recapitated with his own image. Regulus stalls, and risks death. | 40 CAH 10-497 |
40 | Christian church building exists at Corinth. | 40 TToH |
41 Jan | CALIGULA dies. CLAUDIUS succeeds until 54. |
41 | L. Arruntius Camillus SCRIBONIANUS becomes governor of Dalmatia until 42. | 41 DGRBM 1-592, wikDRP |
42 | Legate of Dalmatia at Salona, L. Arruntius Camillus SCRIBONIANUS dies. He is persuaded by Annius Vinicianus and many senators and equites to revolt against Claudius with legions VII and XI. 4 days later they desert him. He suicides. No data on Dalmatia until 48. | TAn 12:52 THs 1:89 42 CAH 10-671, DGRBM 1-592, OCD 310, 965, reCld, wik7Cl |
42 | Legions VII and XI, having defected from Scribonianus to Claudius, are awarded the title Claudia Pia Fidelis, and are henceforth VII Claudia and XI Claudia. | 42 wik11C |
42 | L. Salvius OTHO sent from Rome to Illyricum, executes several mutineers. | 42 DGRBM 3-65 |
44 | Legion XIII Gemina is stationed at Poetovio Pannonia until 98. | 43-5 OCD 850, 1122 |
44 | P. Memmius REGULUS, legate of Moesia 44, ends. A. Didius GALLUS succeeds until ?. | 44 OCD 911 |
44 | MACEDONIA, part of imperial province of Moesia from 15, restored to the senate. | 44 BBA 373, CAH 10, FHBC 15, ISBE 3-208, LEWH |
44 | ACHAEA, part of imperial province of Moesia from 15, restored to the senate, and ruled by proconsuls until ?. Corinth remains capitol. | 44 BAA 346, BBA 373, CAH 10, FHBC 15, ISBE 2-567, LEWH, Tmsn 396 |
44/5 | A. Didius GALLUS, governor of Moesia, defeats and captures Mithridates, client king of Bosporus from 38, sends him to Rome. | 44/5 CAH 10, OCD 176 46 OCD 457 |
46 | Son of Cotys, RHOEMETALCES dies. Last Odrysian client king of east Thrace from 38, assassinated by cousin/wife Pythodoris-II. | 44 CAH 11-570, IDB 4-104 44-6 CAH 10-678, 11-570 46 OCD 1066, wikOK, wikRTD |
46 | THRACE, client kingdom from 129BC, becomes an imperial province under equite procurators until 114. | 46 B76 4-696, 15-1112, CAH 10-679, HRRP 4.1-429, IDB 4-104, 635, LEWH, OCD 246, 1066 47 DGRG 2-1189, wikRTD |
47 | Thrace finally reduced by Plautius [???]. | 47 GHH |
48 | C. Calpetanus Rantius SEDATUS becomes governor of Dalmatia. No data until 67/8. | 48 wikDRP |
49 | Flavius SABINUS becomes legate of Moesia until 56. | 49 OCD 942 |
c.49 | SIRACES tribe of Sarmatians north of the Caucasus allies with Mithridates against Romans. | 49 CHEIA 113 |
c.49 | PAUL, Silas, Tim, & Luke, on 2nd missionary journey 49-52, sail from Troas to Samothrace to Neapolis Macedonia, and go to Philippi, stay with Lydia. | map: Richard Aschmann Ax 16:11-40 49 FHBC 320, ISBE 1-43, 3-709 49/50 clwa 50 CBCNT 130, MCAW, blbPl, gnwd 51 B76 11-177, blbPl |
c.49 | PAUL in Philippi casts a divination demon out of a slave girl, which angers her masters because she had been a money maker. They sue the Ctns for loss of income, and illegal customs. Paul & Silas (but not Tim & Luke) get beaten and imprisoned. A few miracles persuade the magistrates to release them. Or maybe they are released because Paul is a Roman citizen, and was illegally beaten. They stay again with Lydia. | Ax 16:12-40 49 FHBC 320 49/50 clwa 50 gnwd 51 blbPl |
c.49 | Luke maybe remains in Philippi for the next 9 years. PAUL & SILAS go from Philippi to Amphipolis to Apollonia to Thessalonica. Again they go to a synagogue, last 3 Sabbaths before the Jews riot. | Ax 17:1-8 49/50 clwa 50 BNTH 300, 309, CBCNT 130, ISBE 3-714, gnwd 51 blbPl |
c.49 | After starting a church in Thessalonica, PAUL & SILAS go to Berea. Again they go to a synagogue and preach. Jews from Thessalonica arrive and tell local Jews about the threat of Cty. Silas & Tim remain in Berea, with instructions from Paul to join him asap. The Ctns get Paul safely to Athens. | map: Richard Aschmann Ax 17:10-15 49/50 clwa 50 ENBD 1271 gnwd 51 B76 2-268, CBCNT 130, blbPl |
49 | Jews Aquilla and Priscilla expelled from Rome by Claudius, sail to Corinth. | Ax 18:2 49 BBA, BNTH 298, CAH 10-600, FHBC 319, GSNT, TTPC 49/50 GSNT 328 50 ENBD 945 |
c.50 | The AORSI send cavalry to help Cotys king of Bosporus and the Romans against Mithridates and the Siraci Sarmatians. | TAn 12:15 50 DGRG 1-151 |
c.50 | Romans and Aorsi cavalry rout Mithridates and the Siraci Sarmatians. | 49 CHEIA 113 |
c.50 | The SIRACI Sarmatians lose control of their land north of the Caucasus. | 49 CHEIA 113 |
c.50 | PAUL at Athens, goes to the Areopagus, tells the Epicureans and Stoics that he is there to tell them about the "unknown god" to whom they have an altar, in case they missed a god. | Ax 17:15-23 50 gnwd |
c.50 | PAUL, on 2nd missionary journey 49-52 goes from Athens to Corinth until spring 52. Jews Aquilla and Priscilla are already there. | Ax 18:1 50 BAA, BBA 351, BNTH 298, 319, ENBD 227, FHBC 394, 396, ISBE 1-42, 3-709, Tmsn 396, 51 CBCNT 130, Dur 3-584, WHCC 27 51/2 MCAW 52 CBCNT 125, mtmg |
c.51 | PAUL in Corinth, meets Jewish tent makers Aquilla & Priscilla, lives with them making tents. He talks with the Jews at the synagogue, but doesn't preach at them until Silas & Tim arrive from Berea. When the Jews don't respond, he again tells them he only plans to preach to gentiles. Paul, Silas & Tim then stay with a Ctn named Titus. Remains in Corinth 18 months. | Ax 18:2-11 49/50 clwa 50 IDB 1-685 51 CBCNT 130, blbPl, gnwd 51/2 MCAW |
51 | PAUL is definitely in Corinth in 51. | 51 B76 2-948 |
51 Jul | L. Junius GALLIO becomes proconsul of Achaea until 53. | 51 B76 2-948, BAA 346, BBA 352, BNTH 316 ENBD 945, FHBC 318, GSNT 331, IDB 1-605, 685, 4-623, ISBE 1-43, 777, 3-709, Tmsn 396 51/2 B76 IV-394, ENBD 252, IDB 2-351 |
51/2 | PAUL arrested by Jews, brought to Gallio for trial. Gallio throws it out of court. Greeks beat Sosthenes, chief of synagogue. | Ax 18:12 51 BBA 355, FHBC 321, clwa, gnwd 52 B76 16-530, Tmsn 396 52/3 ENBD 451 |
c.52 | PAUL at Corinth 50-2, writes 1st Thessalonians with Silas and Tim's help. It reviews Paul's acts in Europe up to this point. | Ax 18:11 50 B76 2-948, BAA, GSNT 530, ISBE 3-699, gnwd 50-1 CBCNT 16, 127, IDB 4-623, clwa 51 BNTD 14, CBCNT 130, NIV 1819, Sco 1290, 1294, gnwd pre-52 ISBE 4-833 52 GHH, ISBE 1-489, blbPl, civPl, mtmg 53 Schaff 1-303 |
c.52 | PAUL at Corinth 50-2, writes epistles to the Thessalonians written within 6 months of each other. | 50 BAA 50-1 CBCNT 16, 127 51 BNTD 14 52 GHH 53 Schaff 1-303 |
52 | PAUL at Corinth 50-2, writes 2nd Thessalonians after Silas & Tim had returned from delivering 1Thes. Purpose is to answer questions generated by 1Thes. This is the last mention of Silas until 2Cor. He may have returned to Antioch. | Ax 18:11 50 BI+N 208, ISBE 3-699 50/1 CBCNT 16, 127, GSNT 530, IDB 4-627, clwa 51 BNTD 14, CBCNT 130, Sco 1290, 1294 51/2 NIV 1819 52 GHH, blbPl, gnwd, mtmg 53 ISBE 1-489, Schaff 1-303, civPl |
52 | Inscription at Delphi shows that Gallio is proconsul of Achaea this year. It records a proclamation by Claudius made when he was hailed imperator 26th time, which was Jan 25-Aug 1, 52 | 52 BBA , CAH 11-258, FBC 317, IDB 2-712, ISBE 1-43, Tmsn 396 |
52 | PAUL, on 2nd missionary journey 49-52, at Corinth from 50, goes to Cenchrae, shaves head, sails with Priscilla & Aquilla for Ephesus. | map: Richard Aschmann Ax 18:18 51 FHBC 321, clwa 52 BAA, BBA 351, BNTH 318, CBCNT 130, Dur 3-584, ENBD 255, IDB 1-607, ISBE 1-42, 3-709, Tmsn 396, gnwd 53 Schaff 1-303, WHCC 27, blbPl, civPl |
52/3 | C. Vipstanus Messalla Gallus becomes a legatus Augusti pro praetore in Pannonia. | 52/3 geni |
53 | L. Junius GALLIO, proconsul of Achaea from 51, resigns for bad health. | 52 B76 2-948, ENBD 945, IDB 1-685, 4-623, ISBE 1-43 52/3 IDB 2-351 53 BNTH 316, GSNT 330 |
c.54 | APOLLOS, Ctn in Ephesus from 52, goes to Corinth. | Ax 19:1 54 clwa |
c.54 | TIM and ERASTUS are sent by Paul from Ephesus to Macedonia. | Ax 19:22 54 gnwd 55 BAA |
54 | PAUL sorrowful visit to Corinth. | 54 BAA |
54 Oct 13 | CLAUDIUS dies. NERO succeeds until 68. |
c.55 | PAUL at Ephesus writes his 1st of 4 letters to the Corinthians (not 1Cor) telling them not to mess with fornicators, and possibly about collecting money (1Cor 16:1). | 1Cor 5:9 55 gnwd |
c.55±2 | PAUL at some point visits Illyricum. | Ax 15:19 55/6 BAA, ISBE 3-709 |
c.55 | PAUL at Ephesus makes a quick visit to Corinth and back. | 2Cor 2:1, 12:14; 13:1,2 55 gnwd |
55 | PAUL sends Titus with a 3rd letter (which we do not have) from Ephesus to Corinth. | 2Cor 2:3,4, 7:8,9,12 55 gnwd |
55 | Greek botanist Pedanios DIOSCORIDES writes De Materia Medica "On Medical Material" in Greek. Describes properties of 600 plants, also animal products which are claimed to have medicinal value. Tops Hippocrates as the ultimate source on medicine. Used from now thru the Middle Ages. | 40 TTT 40-49 TTS 55 TTPC 50-70 wikPD 80 MCAW |
c.55/6 | PAUL at Ephesus from 52, goes to Macedonia (city not specified). Titus is either already there, or soon arrives with good news from Corinth. | Ax 20:1, 1Tim 1:3, 2Cor 7:5-7, 13 55 B76 2-948, BAA 369, BBA 381, BNTH 326, ISBE 1-43, 733, 3-709 56 IDB 1-607, WHCC 27, blbPl, gnwd 57 ENBD 227, ISBE 3-837, clwa |
56 | Flavius SABINUS, legate of Moesia from 49, ends. | 56 OCD 942 |
56 | PAUL in Macedonia or Ephesus writes Epistle to the Galatians against the Judaizers. North Galatian theory | Ax 19:10 50 clwa 53-7 MCAW 55-7 NIV 1779, mtmg 57 civPl |
c.56 | PAUL in Macedonia writes his 4th letter to the Corinthians: 2nd Corinthians against theological opponents. He sends it with Titus. | Ax 20:1 54 BNTD 14, IDB 1-695, TTPC 54/5 CBCNT 127 53-7 MCAW 55 B76 2-948, 961, CBCNT 16, NIV 1761 55/6 wik2Cr 56 BAA, CBCNT 130, GHH, GSNT 530, ISBE 3-699, blbPl, gnwd 57 ISBE 1-490, Sco 1252, clwa, mtmg 58 TToH |
c.56 | PAUL goes from Macedonia to Greece, stays 3 months with Gaius (possibly Titus Justus) at Corinth (his last visit to Corinth). | Ax 20:2-3 54 FHBC 397 56 BAA, BBA 381, BNTH 299, 335, 353, CBCNT 130, IDB 1-607, ISBE 3-709, blbPl, gnwd 57 B76 13-1093, civPl, clwa, |
56 | Church delegates gather in Corinth to be ready to sail with Paul to Judea. | 57 BBA 382 |
c.56 | PAUL at Corinth, writes Epistle to the Romans to a church already well established, planning to visit Rome enroute to Spain. Scripture is divided into Law & Prophets. He sends it with a delegation including Phoebe (16:1). | Ax 20:2-3 54-7 IDB 4-114 55 CBCNT 16, 127 56 B76 2-948, 959, Sco 1210, blbPl 55 or 58 ISBE 4-224 56/7 CBCNT 131 57 B76 VIII-653, 13-1093, BAA, BBA 506, GHH, GSNT 530, ISBE 1-490, 3-699, NIV 1703, civPl, gnwd 57-8 clwa, mtmg 57-9 ENBD 1102, Jxn 38 |
c.56 | PAUL at Corinth, learns of a plot against him as he sails from Cenchrae for Syria. He leaves Erastus at Corinth, goes from Greece... | Ax 20:3-5, 2Tim 4:20 55 FHBC 397 56 BNTH 299, 336, 353, ODCC 1047, blbPl 57 BAA, BBA 382, CBCNT 131, gnwd 58 ISBE 3-837, |
to Macedonia, gathers companions until he gets to Philippi, joins Luke, sends Sopater the Berean, Aristarchus, Secundus, Gaius of Derbe, Tim, Tychicus and Trophimus ahead to Troas. Goes to Philippi. |
c.56 | PAUL and Luke wait at Philippi with Clement until after feast of Unleavened Bread, sail to Troas. | Ax 20:6-12 55 FHBC 397 56 blbPl 57 ANF 1, BBA 383, CBCNT 131, IDB 1-607, NIV 1703, gnwd 58 clwa |
57 | Feast of Unleavened Bread is April 7-14. | 57 BBA 383 |
61 | Ti. Plautius Silvanus AELIANUS becomes legate of Moesia until 66. | 61 wikPSA |
62 | PAUL comes from Jerusalem, thru Anatolia, to Macedonia. | 62 BNTD 13, BNTH 362, CBCNT 128, 132, NIV 1832, 1836 63 GHH |
c.62 | PAUL in Macedonia, writes 1st Timothy (1st pastoral epistle to Timothy) to Tim in Ephesus. | 62 CBCNT 16, 128, 132, blbPl post-62 ISBE 3-699 63 ISBE 1-490 63/4 GSNT 531 64 Sco 1297 63-5 NIV 1832,3 64-5 clwa, mtmg 65 DDS 557 |
It's probably a 3rd generation forgery. | IDB 4-651 |
The 3 pastoral epistles: 1Tim, 2Tim, & Titus, are probably not written by Paul, but by a later disciple of Paul c.150. If they are Pauline, then 2 separate imprisonments in Rome are required. | B76 13-1093, wikPE |
c.62 | PAUL at Nicopolis Epirus, writes Epistle to Titus in Crete. | 62 CBCNT 16, 127 63 ISBE 1-490, blbPl 63/4 GSNT 531 63-5 NIV 1849 64-5 clwa, mtmg 65 DDS 558, Sco 1306 66 CBCNT 132 |
writes from Ephesus | post-62 ISBE 3-699 |
c.63 | Legion X Gemina, sent from Spain, to Carnuntum in Pannonia to replace legion XV Apollinaris until 68/9. | 63 wikXGm |
63 | General Plautius Silvanus AELIANUS ejects Sarmatian invaders from Lower Moesia. | 63 B76 16-249 |
c.64 | P. Marius CELSUS, commander of legion XV in Pannonia, sent to join Corbulo in Syria. | 64 DGRBM 1-663 |
c.65 | CANAL across isthmus of Corinth begun by Nero. | 65 TTT |
c.65 | TITUS in charge of Ctns on Crete from 63, relieved by ARTEMAS, goes to Nicopolis (probably the one in Epirus) as ordered by Paul. | Tit 3:12 |
c.65±5 | Apostle ANDREW, bro of Peter dies at Patras in north Peloponnese. | 60/70 B76 I-360 |
c.65/6 | PAUL winters at Nicopolis (probably the one in Epirus). | Tit 3:12 66/7 CBCNT 132 |
66 | Ti. Plautius Silvanus AELIANUS, legate of Moesia from 61, ends. | 66 wikPSA |
66 | Helvidius PRISCUS, husband of Fannia, dau of Thrasea & Arria, banished from Italy for republicanism, retires with wife Fannia to Apollonia Macedonia until 68. | TAn 16:21 66 DGRBM 3-527, GHH, OCD 1066 |
66 | NERO sails from Italy to Greece, tours Greece until 68. He is accompanied by T. Flavius Vespasian and several thousand Augustiani and praetorians under Tigellinus. | 66 B76 12-966, 19-95, CAH 10-735, MCAW, britVs 67 LEWH |
66 | NERO first appears as a singer in Corcyra, participates in Augustan games at Actium, goes to Corinth for Isthmian games. | 66 CAH 10-735 |
66 Sep 22 |
Legion I Italica founded by Nero. It is stationed at Novae until 68. | 66 wikIIt |
66 | PLUTARCH, age 20, studies math and philosophy under Ammonius in Athens until 67. | 66 wikPlt |
66 Nov 28 |
Senatorial province of ACHAEA granted freedom from tribute until 70 by NERO, who gives Sardinia to the senate as compensation. | 66 CAH 10-735 67 B76 8-390, DGRBM 2-1165, OCD 3 |
66/7 | NERO celebrates Olympic games. He orders all Greek games to meet so he could win all of them. He wins a 10-horse chariot race, despite being thrown from the chariot and leaving the race. He participates as a harper, tragedian; wins 1st prizes even in contests he didn't participate in (1080 prizes). No one is allowed to leave during Nero's performances, not even women to bear babies. | 66/7 CAH 10-736, MCAW 67 DGRBM 2-1165, GHH, wikNr |
66/7 | T. Flavius VESPASIAN falls asleep during Nero's singing, and falls into disfavor. | 66 B76 19-95, OCD 1115 66/7 britVs |
66/7 | NERO invites Corbulo to come to him. Nero condemns Corbulo to death. | 66 CDCC 234, OCD 289, 730 67 CAH 10, GHH, LEWH |
66/7 | Gn. Domitius CORBULO suicides at Cenchrae on the isthmus. | 66 OCD 289, 730 67 B76 III-143, CAH 10, GHH, LEWH, TTT |
67 | CANAL across isthmus of Corinth begun 65 by Nero, continued. | 67 CAH 10, DGRBM 2-1165 |
67 | 2 X-legates of Germany executed by Nero. | 67 LEWH |
67 | NERO marries his castrated boytoy Sporus with all legalities and ceremonies. | 67 DGRBM 3-897 |
67 | NERO learns of failure of 2 generals in Judea, decides to give the job to Vespasian, the man who fell asleep during his performance. | 66 DGRBM 3-1246, HRRP 4.2-589, wikVs 67 B76 19-95, CAH 10-756 |
67 | T. Flavius VESPASIAN, now a minor general, with Nero in Greece, is given rank of legate and allowed 3 legions (V Macedonica, X Fretensis and XV Apollinaris), but now given only XV Apollinaris to govern Judea. Son Titus is sent to Alexandria to fetch legions V and X. Vespasian crosses Helespont to Asia, then travels by land to Antioch. | Wars 3:1:3 67 B76 19-95, CAH 10-756, Jud 2-222, LEWH, MCAW, OCD 1080, 1115, TTPC, wikNr |
67 | Legion XIV Martia Victrix, in Britain from 43, withdrawn to Gaul and then to the Balkans until 70 for a campaign against Parthia that Nero planned but never executed. | 67 wikL14, wikMVB |
67 | NERO gets message from Helius asking him to return to Rome vascillates. Helius sails to Corinth and asks Nero to return. | 67 CAH 10-738 |
67/8 | A. Ducenius GEMINUS, governor of Dalmatia from ?, ends. M. Pompeius Silvanus Staberius FLAVINUS succeeds until 70. | 67/8 wikDRP |
68 | NERO, in Greece from 66, having accumulated 1808 prizes, returns to Rome. | 67 DGRBM 2-1165, Dur 3-283 68 CAH 10, IDB 3-538, ISBE 3-522, LEWH, MCAW |
68 | Legion I Italica, at Novae from 66, sent by Nero to oppose Vindex in Gaul. | 68 wikIIt |
68 | Helvidius PRISCUS, exiled by Nero 66, in Apollonia Macedonia from 66, recalled to Rome by Galba. | 68 DGRBM 3-527, GHH |
68 Jun | NERO dies. Year of 4 emperors begins until 70. |
68 | L. Tampius FLAVIANUS becomes governor of Pannonia until 69. | 68 wikLTF |
68 | M. Antonius PRIMUS sent from Rome as commander of legion VII Galbiana in Pannonia. | 68 DGRBM 3-524 |
68 Dec | AGRIPPA-II and TITUS, son of Vespasian, are sent to confirm Vespasian's command and congratulate Galba. They sail from Caesarea to Achaea. | Wars 4:9:2 68 B76 19-96, CAH 10-861, ISBE 2-697 |
68/9 | Legion X Gemina, in Carnuntum Pannonia from 63, sent back to Spain. | 68/9 wikXGm |
68/9 | The Dacian ROXOLANI between the Dnieper and Don, north of the Sea of Azov cut up 2 cohorts of Roman auxiliaries. | 68/9 THs 1:79 |
69 Jan | AGRIPPA-II and TITUS at Corinth learn that Galba is dead. They decide that Agrippa will continue to Rome, and Titus will return to Caesarea and tell Vespasian. | THs 2:1, Wars 4:9:2 69 ISBE 2-697, Jud 2-417 |
69 | M. Aponius SATURNINUS becomes governor of Moesia until 70. He commands legions III Gallica, VII Claudia, VIII Augusta. | 69 wikMAS |
69 Feb? | Legions in Balkans sware allegiance to Otho: 2 in Dalmatia, 2 in Pannonia, 3 in Moesia. | THs 1:76 |
69 | Vespasian partisan C. Licinius MUCIANUS crosses from Anatolia to Thrace. | 69 implied |
69 | The Dacian ROXOLANI, with nearly 9,000 cav, cross western Danube, raid Roman Moesia just for plunder. They are repelled by Antonius Primus, commander of legion VII Claudia in Pannonia and Vespasian partisan C. Licinius Mucianus, who just happens to be passing thru. | THs 1:79 69 B76 III-339, CAH 10, 11-168-9, DGRG 2-919, OCD 702 |
69 Aug | Antonius PRIMUS, commander of legion VII Claudia in Pannonia declares for Vespasian and rallies all Danubian legions to join him. | 69 B76 19-96, DGRBM 3-523, LEWH, TTPC, fyf |
69 | Vespasian partisan Antonius PRIMUS, commander of legion VII Galbiana in Pannonia, fears that Vitellius might get help from the Rhine legions, orders Batavian chief Claudius Civilis to detain at the Rhine any troops coming from north. | 69 CAH 10-842 |
69 | Vespasian partisan Antonius PRIMUS, commander of legion VII Claudia in Pannonia leads 5 Danubian legions against Vitellius, enters north Italy with half of the number that Vitellius commands. | 69 B76 19-96, LEWH, TTPC, dirVt |
69 late | L. Tampius FLAVIANUS governor of Pannonia from 68, ends. M. Annius AFRINUS succeeds until 73. | 69 wikLTF, wikMAA |
69 Dec 20 | VITELIUS dies. VESPASIAN succeeds Dec 21/2. |
c.70 | M. Pompeius Silvanus Staberius FLAVINUS, governor of Dalmatia from 67/8, ends. L. Plotius PEGASUS succeeds 70/1-72/3. | 70 wikDRP |
c.70 | SARMATI (Scythians) in Dacia cross Danube into Moesia until 71. | Wars 7:4:3 |
70 | Vitellian legion IV Macedonica, operating from 48BC, is disbanded by Vespasian, who establishes legion IV Flavia Felix camped in Burnum, Dalmatia, where it replaces XI Claudia until 86. | 70 wik4FF, wik4Mc |
70 | Legion XIV Martia Victrix, in Balkans from 67, sent to Germany. | 70 guess |
70 | M. Aponius SATURNINUS governor of Moesia from 69, ends. Proconsul of Asia 69, C. Fonteius AGRIPPA succeeds until killed in battle with Sarmatians this year. Rubrius GALLUS succeeds until 74?. | THs 3:46, Wars 7:4:3 70 DGRBM 1-77, unrvDt, wikGFA |
70 | VESPASIAN sails from Ionia to Greece. | Wars 7:2:1 |
70 | Senatorial province of ACHAEA, freed from Nov 66, again forced to pay tribute by Vespasian. | 70 or 74 OCD 3 |
70 Ag-Oc |
VESPASIAN sails from Greece to Corcyra to Iapyx promontory Italy. | Wars 7:2:1 |
70 | Sextilius FELIX is sent by Antonius Primus from Italy to Raetia to watch movements of Vitellian procurator Porcius Septimius. He remains until 71. | 70 DGRBM 2-145 |
71 | Legion V Macedonica, with Titus from 67, sent from Alexandria to Moesia. legion XV Apollinaris, with Titus from 67, sent from Alexandria back to Carnuntum Pannonia on Danube until 114 | Wars 7:5:3 71 OCD 207, wik5Mc |
71 | SARMATI (Scythians), in Moesia from 70, expelled by Rubrius Gallus, governor of Moesia. | Wars 7:4:3 |
c.72/3 | L. Plotius PEGASUS, governor of Dalmatia from 70/1, ends. No data until 79/80. | 72/3 wikDRP |
73 | Roman defenses on upper and lower Danube are strengthened thru 74. | 73 LEWH |
73 | Byzantium taken by Romans. | 73 GHH |
73 | Thrace under Roman governors. | 73 GHH |
73 | M. Annius AFRINUS governor of Pannonia from 69, drops out of history. C. Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius FESTUS succeeds until 77. | 73 OCD 1106, wikMAA, wikQVF |
74 | Rubrius GALLUS governor of Moesia from 70, ends. Sextus Vettulenus CERIALIS succeeds until 78. | 74 wikSVC |
77 | C. Calpetanus Rantius Quirinalis Valerius FESTUS governor of Pannonia from 73, recalled to Rome. ??????? succeeds until 77. | 77 wikQVF |
78 | Sextus Vettulenus CERIALIS governor of Moesia from 74, ends. ???????? succeeds until 81. | 78 wikSVC |
79 Jun 23/4 | VESPASIAN dies. TITUS succeeds until 81. |
79 | T. Atilius RUFUS becomes governor of Pannonia until 82. | 79 wikTAR |
79/80 | L. Funisulanus VETTONIANUS becomes governor of Dalmatia until 81/2. | 79/80 wikDRP |
81 | C. Vettulenus Civica CEREALIS again becomes governor of Moesia until 84. | 81 wikVCC |
81 Sep 13 | TITUS dies. DOMITIAN succeeds until 96. |
c.81/2 | L. Funisulanus VETTONIANUS, governor of Dalmatia from 79/80, ends. Sparce data until 92/3. | 81/2 wikDRP |
82 | T. Atilius RUFUS governor of Pannonia from 79, reassigned to Syria until 82. | 82 wikTAR |
84 | C. Vettulenus Civica CEREALIS governor of Moesia from 81, ends. | 84 wikVCC |
84/5 | C. Oppius SABINUS sent from Rome to be legate of Moesia until death 85. | implied |
c.85 | DACIANS under Decebalus, hassled by Sarmatians, cross south over Danube into Moesia until mid 85, overwhelms forts and garrisons but fails to take camps of legions. Dacian Wars with Romans until 89. | 84 CDCC 253 84/5 wikDt 85 B76 III-339, 15-1113, CAH 11-168, IDB 1-863, LEWH, OCD 315, unrvDt, wikCF 85/6 CDCC 260 86 Dur 3-289, MCAW, wikMs |
85 | C. Oppius SABINUS dies. Legate of Moesia 85, killed in battle by Decebalus. | 85 CAH 11-168, OCD 309, 360, unrvDt, wikDt |
c.85 | Praetorian prefect, Cornelius FUSCUS sent from Rome with 5 legions by Domitian to Moesia to expell the Dacians. | 85 B76 2-615, CAH 11-170, unrvDt, wikCF 87 wikMs |
85 mid | DACIANS, in Moesia 85, driven back over the Danube by Cornelius Fuscus. | 85 wikDt 87 wikMs |
c.85 | Greek sophist, DIO CHRYSOSTOM, banished from Italy, returns to Greece. On advice of the Delphic oracle, he becomes a beggar, and lives as a Cynic philosopher, visits Thrace, Mysia, Scythia, and the Getae. | 85 B76 III-556 82 wikDC |
85/6 | L. Funisulanus VETTONIANUS becomes governor of Pannonia until ?. | 85/6 wikLFV |
86 | MOESIA, a province from 6 CE, divided into UPPER and LOWER Moesia by Domitian. | 86 wikDt |
Balkan Peninsula 86-100 V
|