| c.2000 | ELAM, under Simash dynasty 2180-1830, invaded by Indo-Europeans. | 2000 CWH 1800 WNHI 24 |
| c.2000 | Earliest representations of equids drawing vehicles with SPOKED WHEELS found on Cylinder seals from Hissar in northeast Persia. (See Cappadocia 1900) | 2000 B76 19-521 2000 +/- 200 SHT 1-721 2000-1951 TTS |
| c.2000 | CHARIOT WHEELS found at Susa have copper tires. | 2000 SHT 1-208 |
| c.2000 | ALFALFA cultivated in Persia. | 2000 TTT |
| c.1850 | INDATTU-TEMTI, last king of Simash dyn of Elam from ?, ends. | 1970 hifiE, wikE 1928 wapP 1850 RAI3 1830 LEWH 52 |
| SIMASH dynasty of ELAM from 2180, ends. EPARTI Dynasty begins until 1500. EPARTI-I becomes king until 1830. |
| c.1830 | EPARTI, king of Elam from ?, dies. SHILKHAKHA succeeds to 1800. | 1850 CAH 2.1-260-61 |
| c.1800 | SHILKHAKHA, king of Elam from 1830, dies. SHIRUKDUK succeeds to 1764. | 1800 CAH 2.1-262 |
| c.1800 | KASSITES settle in western Persia at Hamadan-Kermanshah. | 1800 B76 11-979 |
| c.1764 | SHIRUKDUK, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from ?, in lower Mesopotamia, crushed by Hammurabi. Ends. SIMUT-WARTASH succeeds to 1763. | 1772 KoP, taP, elhiEK 1770 CAH I-1-264 1764 B76 9-831, CAH 2.1-264 Simut-Wartash 1763 hifiE 1762 frM |
| c.1763 | SIMUT-WARTASH, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from 1764, ends. SIWE-PALAR-KHUPPAK, son of Shirukduk, succeeds to 1745. | 1770 elhiEK, KoP, taP 1768 CAH 2.1-264 1763 hifiE no date: abasP, wapP |
| c.1746 | GUNDASH becomes 1st king of KASSITES until 1705. | 1746 RAI2 1730 hifi |
| c.1745 | SIWE-PALAR-KHUPPAK, son of Shirukduk, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from 1746, ends. Bro KUDUZULUSH succeeds to 1730. | fl. 1765 abasP, wapP 1745 elhiEK, hifiE omit: taP |
| c.1740 | GUNDASH, 1st king of Kassites, 1746-31, invades southern Mesopotamia, ravages Ur & Uruk. | Samu-Iluna yr 9 Wiki no date: Sag1 73 |
| c.1735 | KASSITES under GUNDASH move into north Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia becomes their center of activity until 1157. | guess |
| c.1730 | KUDUZULUSH, son of Shirukduk, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from 1745, ends. Son KUTIR-NAHUNTE-I succeeds to 1700. | 1730 CAH 2.1-266, elhiEK, hifiE no date: abasP, wapP omit: taP |
| c.1725 | KUTIR-NAHUNTE-I raids Babylon. | 1725 ISBE 2-50 |
| c.1700 | KUTIR-NAHUNTE-I, son of Kuduzulush-I, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from 1730, ends. Bro LILA-IRTASH succeeds to 1698. | 1700 elhiEK, hifiE no date: abasP, wapP omit: taP |
| c.1698 | LILA-IRTASH, son of Kuduzulush-I, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from 1700, ends. TEMTI-AGUN-I, son of Kutir-Nahhunte-I, succeeds to 1690. | 1698 elhiEK, hifiE no date: abasP, wapP omit: taP |
| c.1690 | TEMTI-AGUN-I, son of Kutir-Nahhunte-I, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from 1698, ends. TAN-ULI succeeds to 1655. | 1690 elhiEK, hifiE no date: abasP, wapP omit: taP |
| c.1655 | TAN-ULI, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from 1690, ends. Son TEMTI-KHALKI succeeds to 1650. | 1655 elhiEK, hifiE no date: abasP, wapP omit: taP |
| c.1650 | TEMTI-KHALKI, son of Tan-Uli, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from 1655, ends. Bro KUK-NASHUR-II succeeds to 1635. | 1650 elhiEK, hifiE no date: abasP, wapP |
| c.1635 | KUK-NASHUR-II, son of Tan-Uli, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from 1650, ends. KUTIR-SHILKHAKHA-II succeeds to 1625. | fl. 1646 wapP 1635 elhiEK, hifiE no date: abasP, wapP omit: taP |
| c.1625 | KUTIR-SHILKHAKHA-II, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from 1635, ends. TEMTI-RAPTASH succeeds to 1605 | 1625 elhiEK, hifiE omit: taP |
| c.1605 | TEMTI-RAPTASH, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from 1625, ends. KUDUZULUSH-II succeeds to 1600 | 1605 elhiEK, hifiE omit: taP |
| c.1600 | KUDUZULUSH-II, king of Eparti dynasty of Elam from 1605, ends. TATA succeeds to 1580. | 1600 RAI3, elhiEK, hifiE omit: taP |
| c.1600 | OLD ELAMITE Period V ends. Began 2700. | 1600 wikE |
| c.1580 | TATA, king of Eparti dyn of Elam from 1600, ends. ATTA-MERRA-HALKI succeeds until 1570. | 1580 RAI3, elhiEK omit: taP |
| c.1570 | ATTA-MERRA-HALKI, king of Eparti dyn of Elam from 1600, ends. PALA-ISHSHAN succeeds until 1545. | 1570 RAI3, elhiEK, hifiE omit: taP |
| c.1545 | PALA-ISHSHAN, king of Eparti dyn of Elam from 1570, ends. KUR-KIRWESH succeeds until 1520. | 1545 RAI3, elhiEK, hifiE omit: taP |
| c.1520 | KUR-KIRWESH, king of Eparti dyn of Elam from 1545, ends. KUR-NAHHUNTE succeeds until 1505. | 1520 RAI3, hifiE omit: taP |
| c.1505 | KUR-NAHHUNTE, king of Eparti dyn of Elam from 1520, ends. KUTIR-NAHUNTE-II succeeds to 1500 | 1505 RAI3, elhiEK, hifiE omit: taP |
| c.1500 | ARYANS, in Persia from ?, migrate into northwest India. | 1500 wikIAMT |
| c.1500 | KUTIR-NAHUNTE-II, king of Eparti dyn of Elam from 1505, ends. | 1500 hifiE, wapP no date: abasP omit: taP |
| EPARTI Dynasty of Elam from 1850, ends. | ||
|---|---|---|
| KIDINUID dynasty of Anshan & Susa begins until 1350. KIDINU becomes king of Anshan & Susa until ?. |
| c.1500 | Λ MIDDLE ELAMITE Period begins with rise of Anshanite dynasties until 1100. Elamite language and culture waxes in Susiana. | 1500 wikE |
| c.1350 | TEMTI-AHAR, last Kidinuid king of Anshan & Susa from ?, ends. | 1400 hifiE, wapP 1350 RAI3, elhiEK, KoP, taP no date: abasP |
| KIDINUID dynasty of Elam from 1500 ends. | ||
|---|---|---|
| IGEHALKID dynasty of Elam begins until 1210. IGE-HALKI becomes king of Elam to 1330. |
| c.1350 | SUSA becomes capital of Elam until 1150. | 1350 Jud 14-1483 |
| c.1330 | IGE-HALKI 1st Igehalkid king of Elam from 1350, ends. HURPATILA succeeds and ends. Son PAHIR-ISHSHAN succeeds to 1310. |
1330 RAI3, elhiEK, hifiE, KoP, taP no date: abasP, wapP |
| c.1327 | KURIGALZU-II, Kassite king of Babylon 1345-24, temporarily occupies Elam. | 1330 ISBE 2-50 1320 wikE |
| c.1310 | PAHIR-ISHSHAN, son of Ige-Halki, 3rd Igehalkid king of Elam from 1330, ends. Bro ATTAR-KITTAKH succeeds to 1300. | 1310 RAI3, elhiEK, hifiE, KoP, taP no date: abasP, wapP |
| c.1300 | ATTAR-KITTAKH, son of Ige-Halki, 4th Igehalkid king of Elam from 1310, ends. Son KHUMAN-NUMENA succeeds to 1275. | 1300 RAI3, elhiEK, hifiE, KoP, taP 1285 B76 9-831, ISBE 2-50 no date: abasP, wapP |
| c.1275 | KHUMBAN-NUMENA, son of Attar-Kittah, 5th Igehalkid king of Elam from 1300, ends. Son UNTASH-NAPRISHA succeeds to 1240. | 1275 RAI3, elhiEK, hifiE, KoP, taP 1266 B76 9-831, ISBE 2-50 no date: abasP, wapP |
| c.1240 | DER (DUR UNTASH) built by Untash-Naprisha. Lasts until 640. Now called Chogha Zanbil. | 1240 wikCZ |
| c.1240 | UNTASH-NAPRISHA, son of Humban-Numena-I, 6th Igehalkid king of Elam from 1275, ends. UNPATAR-NAPRISHA succeeds to 1235. | 1240 RAI3, elhiEK, hifiE, KoP, taP no date: abasP, wapP |
| c.1238 | KASHTILIASH-IV, king of Kassite Babylon 1242-35, fights, Unpatar-Naprisha of Elam unsuccessfully. | 1230 wikE |
| c.1235 | UNPATAR-NAPRISHA Igehalkid king of Elam from 1240, ends. KIDDIN-KHUTRAN succeeds to 1210. | 1244 ISBE 2-50 1235 RAI3, elhiEK, KoP, taP no date: abasP, wapP |
| c.1230 | KIDDIN-KHUTRAN, king of Elam 1235-10 defeats KASSITES in battle. | 1230 hifiE 1224 wikE |
| c.1230 | KIDDIN-KHUTRAN king of Elam 1235-10, enters Mesopotamia to attack Assyrian puppet rulers. Takes NIPPUR. Attacks Isin. | 1230 hifiE |
| c.1220 | ADAD-SHUMA-IDDINA, Kassite king of Babylon (Assyrian puppet), defeated in battle by KIDDIN-KHUTRAN, king of Elam. | 1222-17 wikE |
| c.1210 | KIDDIN-KHUTRAN, son of Untash-Naprisha, Igehalkid king of Elam from 1235, ends. | 1222 ISBE 2-50 1210 RAI3, elhiEK, KoP, taP, wapP no date: abasP |
| IGEHALKID DYNASTY of Elam from 1350 ends. |
|---|
| c.1205 | SHUTRUKID DYNASTY of Elam begins until 970. HALLUTUSH-INSHUSHINAK becomes 1st king until 1185 |
1210 abasP, hifiE, wapP, wikE 1205 RAI3, KoP, taP |
| c.1200 | Local IRON production begins period of rapid growth in Iran, Transcaucasia, Aram and Canaan until 1000. (see China 1200, Egypt 1150) | 1200 SHT 1-595 |
| c.1185 | HALLUTUSH-INSHUSHINAK, 1st Shutrukid king of Elam from 1205, ends. SHUTRUK-NAHUNTE succeeds to 1155. | 1207 Jud 14-1483, Sdl 2-147 1190 hifiE 1185 B76 11-980, RAI3, elhiEK, KoP, taP no date: abasP, wapP |
| c.1158 | SHUTRUK-NAHUNTE, king of Elam 1185-55, invades Kassite Babylonia. | 1176 LEWH 52 1160 ISBE 3-4 |
| c.1158 | SHUTRUK-NAHUNTE, king of Elam 1185-55, marries eldest dau of Melishipak, former Kassite king of Babylon 1188-74, and claims Babylonia. | 1158 hifiE |
| c.1158 | SHUTRUK-NAHUNTE, king of Elam 1185-55, takes Babylon. Pushes Kassites out. Takes Law Stele of HAMMURABI to Susa. | 1175 FHBC 74 1173 MCAW 46 1171 RAI2 1170 WPOT 181 1162 CWH 1158 wikE 1157 RAI3 |
| c.1155 | SHUTRUK-NAHUNTE, 2nd Shutrukid king of Elam from 1185, ends. Son KUTIR-NAHUNTE-III succeeds to 1150. | 1171 Jud 14-1483, Sdl 2-147 1160 hifiE 1155 B76 11-980, RAI3, elhiEK, KoP, taP fl. 1158 abasP, wapP |
| c.1150 | KUTIR-NAHUNTE-III, king of Elam, plunders temple of Akkad. | 1150 LEWH 52 |
| c.1150 | KUTIR-NAHUNTE-III, son of Shutruk-Nahhunte, 3rd Shutrukid king of Elam from 1155, ends. Bro SHILHAK-INSHUSHINAK succeeds to 1120. | 1165 Jud 14-1483 1155 hifiE fl. 1155 abasP, wapP 1150 ISBE 2-50, RAI3, elhiEK, KoP, taP |
| c.1150 | SUSA capital of Elam from 1350, no longer capital. | 1150 Jud 14-1483 |
| c.1140 | SHILHAK-INSHUSHINAK king of Elam 1150-20, claims to raid Babylonia and Assyria repeatedly, and to control everything east of the Tigris as far north as Nuzi. | no date: hifiE |
| c.1120 | SHILHAK-INSHUSHINAK, son of Shutruk-Nahhunte, 4th Shutrukid king of Elam from 1150, dies. HULELUTUSH-INSHUSHINAK succeeds to 1110. | 1151 Jud 14-1483 1125 hifiE 1120 ISBE 2-50, RAI3, elhiEK, KoP, taP |
| c. 1110 | HULELUTUSH-INSHUSHINAK, 5th Shutrukid king of Elam from 1120, defeated by NEBUCHADNEZZAR-I, king of Babylon 1126-03. Flees to Anshan. Bro SHILHANA-HAMRU-LAGAMAR succeeds to ?. | 1115 hifiE fl. 1110 abasP, elhiEK, KoP, taP, wapP no date: wikE |
| 5 Shutrukids go here: Humban-Nimena-II, Shutruk-Nahhunte-II, Akshir-Shimut, Akshir-Nahhunte, Kara-Indash. |
| c.1100 | MIDDLE ELAMITE Period ends. Began 1500. NEO ELAMITE Period begins until 539 (arrival of Iranians on Iranian plateau; Iranian and Syrian influence). |
1100 wikE |
| c. 1100 | Gathas 15 hymns believed to have been composed by Zoroaster (who probably lived after 1100). Language is Indo-European but otherwise unknown. Divided into 5 groups based on meter: Ahunavaiti
Some verses are addressed to omniscient Creator Ahura Mazda. These verses are devotional. Some verses are addressed to the public that may have come to hear the prophet (Zoroaster?). In these he exhorts them to obey Ahura Mazda, and pleads to Ahura Mazda for them.Ushtavaiti Spenta Mainyu Vohu Khshathra Vahishto Ishti |
1200 avst 1000 HCIP 1-208 no date: wikGth |
Persia 1000-501
V