| c.1000 | CHESED ARAMEANS arrive in Babylonia. | 1000 IDB 1-191 |
| c.1000 | The ARAMEAN racial movement, which had caused much dislocation in Mesopotamia, begins to lose momentum. Tribes consolidate into small states. | 1000 Sag1 91 |
| c.1000 | CHALDEANS, a group of Aramean Semites from Arabian desert, begin migrating into Babylonia. | 1000 TAWH 56 900 mxfld |
| c. 1000 |  MUL.APIN compendium deals with Babylonian astronomy and astrology, in the tradition of earlier star catalogues, but is expanded based on more accurate observation. Names 66 stars and constellations, plus rising, setting and culmination dates. Observations reported in these tablets are believed to have been made around Assur c.1370.This is a 7th cen.BC copy. |
photo: {{PD-US}} c.1000 wikBSC, wikMlp |
| c.1000 | OXEN, exclusively used for heavy transport until now when Λ CAMELS are added in Mesopotamia and Levant. (See Asia 1200, Arabia 1000) | 1600 mxfld 1000 SHT 1-719-20 |
| c.1000 | LEAD GLAZES used to surface brick and tile. | 1000 TTT |
| c.987 | EULMA-SHAKIN-SHUMI, king of Babylon from 1004, ends. NINURTA-KUDUR-USUR-I succeeds to 985. | 987 CAH 2.2, RAI3, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB 986 MRDK |
| c.985 | NINURTA-KUDUR-USUR-I, king of Babylon from 987, ends. SHIRIQTI-SHUQAMUNU succeeds to 984. | 985 CAH 3.1, brKB, hifi, stmaB, wikB 984 CAH 2.2 no date: MRDK, frM |
| c.984 | SHIRIQTI-SHUQAMUNU, king of Babylon from 985, ends. | 985 CAH 3.1, brKB, hifi, stmaB, wikB 984 CAH 2.2 no date: MRDK, frM |
| 6th DYNASTY of Babylon ends. Began 1004. | ||
| MAR-BITI-APLA-USUR is the only member of the 7th dynasty until 979. |
| c.979 | MAR-BITI-APLA-USUR ends. King of Babylon from 984. NABU-MUKIN-APLI succeeds to 943. | 979 CAH 3.1, brKB, hifi, wikB 978 CAH 2.2, MRDK 977 frM, stmaB no date: RAI3 |
| 8th DYNASTY of Babylon begins until 732. |
| c.973 | Son of Ashurnasirpal-I, ASHUR-RABI-II ends. King of Assyria from 1013. Son ASHUR-RESHISHI-II succeeds to 967. | 973 CAH 2.2, RAI3, frM, kidA, hifi 972 CAH 3.1, absA, lexA 970 RAI2, Sag |
| c.971 | Festivals suspended in Babylonia due to Aramaean invasions. | 971-70 hifi |
| c.967 | Son of Ashur-rabi-II, ASHUR-RESHISHI-II ends. King of Assyria from 973. Son TIGLATH-PILESER-II succeeds to 935. | 968 CAH 2.2, 3.1, hifi 967 CAH 3.1, MRDK, RAI3, absA, bk, frM, kidA, lexA 966 RAI2, Sag, WPoT 138 |
| c.943 | MEASUREMENT: Chaldeans use a water filled cube to measure time, weight, and length. | 943 TToH 7 |
| c.943 | NABU-MUKIN-APLI ends. King of Babylon from 979. Son NINURTA-KUDURRI-USUR-II succeeds and ends. Other son MAR-BITI-AHHE-IDDINA succeeds to 920. | 955 RAI2 943 CAH 3.1, MRDK, brKB, hifi, wikB 942 RAI3, frM, stmaB |
| c.935 | Son of Ashur-resha-ishi-II, TIGLATH-PILESER-II ends. King of Assyria from 967. Son ASHUR-DAN-II succeeds to 912. | 935 CAH 2.2, 3.1, MRDK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, absA, bk, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA |
| c.920 | Son of Nabu-mukin-apli, MAR-BITI-AHHE-IDDINA ends. King of Babylon from 943. SHAMASH-MUDAMMIQ succeeds to 900. | 942 RAI2 930
B76 11-982 920 brKB, hifi, wikB no date: MRDK, RAI3, frM, stmaB |
| c.912 | Son of Tiglath-Pileser-II, ASHUR-DAN-II ends. King of Assyria from 935. Son ADAD-NIRARI-II succeeds to 891. | 912 B76 11-982, CAH 3.1, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, WPOT 138, 158, absA, bk, frM, kidA, lexA 911 MRDK, hifi |
| c.912 | MIDDLE ASSYRIAN Period ends. Began 1393. NEO ASSYRIAN Period begins to 612. Nineveh is capital until 879. |
912 absA 911 WPoT, frM, hifi, kidA, wikA |
| c.900 | ARAMEAN influx into Babylonia from 1080 ends. | 900 WPOT 193 |
| c.900 | SHAMASH-MUDAMMIQ ends. King of Babylon from 920. NABU-SHUM-UKIN-I succeeds to 888. | 909 RAI2 904 B76 11-982 900 RAI3, brKB, frM, hifi, wikB no date: MRDK, stmaB |
| c.891 | Son of Ashur-Dan-II, ADAD-NIRARI-II ends. King of Assyria from 912. Son TUKULTI-NINURTA-II succeeds to 884. | 911 WPoT 891 B76 11-982, CAH 3.1, RAI2, RAI3, absA, bk, frM, kidA, lexA 890 MRDK, Sag 889 hifi |
| c.889 | TUKULTI-NINURTA-II, begins Annals until 884. | 889 SHT 1-251 |
| c.888 | TUKULTI-NINURTA-II, king of Assyria 891-84, deals with mountain region east of Assyria. Secures area between upper & lower Zab River. | 886 Sag1 95 |
| c.888 | TUKULTI-NINURTA-II, king of Assyria 891-84, fighting Nairi country southwest of Lake Van from 890, subjugates king of Nairi, makes him a vassal. | 886 Sag1 95 |
| c.888 | TUKULTI-NINURTA-II, king of Assyria 891-84, marches south on east side of Tigris against NABU-SHUM-UKIN-I, king of Babylon, who is too weak to inspire Babylonian support. | 885 Sag1 95 |
| c.888 | NABU-SHUM-UKIN-I ends. King of Babylon from 900. Son NABU-APLA-IDDINA succeeds to 855. | 888 B76 11-982, RAI2, RAI3, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB no date: MRDK |
| c.884 | Son of Adad-Nirari-II, TUKULTI-NINURTA-II ends. King of Assyria from 891. Son ASHUR-NASIRPAL-II succeeds to 859. | 891 WPoT 889 MCAW: 58 884 B76 11-982, CAH 3.1, MRDK, MWΦ 15, RAH 99, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, SOTS 165, WPOT 119, absA, bk, hifi, lexA 883 HCC, frM, kidA |
| c.879 | CAPITAL of Assyria: NINEVEH from 912, moved to CALAH by Ashur-Nasirpal-II until 710. | 880 PW 15 879 B76 1-821, Sag1 97, Sag2 96 |
| c.876 | ASHUR-NASIRPAL-II, king of Assyria 884-59, defeats Phoenician and Hittite alliance at Carchemish, takes Carchemish, takes Aram to the coast, all without resistance. Receives tribute from Tyre, Sidon, Byblos, Makhalata, Kaisa, Amurru, Arvad. He builds a fortress at Haran from which to administrate the country. | 876 B76 17-942, 944, MCAW 58 875 MWΦ 16 no date PANE1 188 |
| c.866 | ASHUR-NASIRPAL-II, king of Assyria 884-59, defeats insurgents of Kashiari Hills in Lake Van area. | 866 Sag1 97 |
| c.859 | Son of Tukulti-Ninurta-II, ASHUR-NASIRPAL-II dies. King of Assyria from 884. Son SHALMANEZER-III succeeds to 824. | 859 B76 11-983, 18-1039, CAH 3.1, FLAP 170, HCC, IDB 1-272, MCAW 58, MRDK, MWΦ 15, RAH 99, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, SOTS 165, WPoT 119, 138, absA, bk, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA |
| c.857 | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, writes Annals . | 857 WPOT 141 |
| c.856 | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, defeats ARAME, king of Urartu. Destroys capital ARZASHKU. | 856 B76 18-1039 no date: wikU |
| c.855 | CHALDEANS revolt against pro-Assyrian king of Babylon Nabu-Apla-Iddina. | - |
| c.855 | Son of Nabu-shum-ukin-I, NABU-APLA-IDDINA ends. King of Babylon from 888. Son MARDUK-ZAKIR-SHUMI-I succeeds 854-19. | 855 B76 11-983, RAI3, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB 852 ISBE 1-385, MRDK, RAI2 850 bk |
| c.853 | SHALMANEZER-III, king of Assyria 859-24, crosses Tigris, kills Giammu on the Balih (Haran) River, enters Sahala, and Tilshaturahi, approaches Kar-Shulmanashared, returns to Assyria. | yr 6 PANE1 189 |
| c.851 | BAQANI, city under Adini of the Dakkuru tribe, sacked by Shalmanezer-III. | 851 ISBE 1-630 |
| c.851 | Hostilities break out in Babylon between king MARDUK-ZAKIR-SHUMI-I and his bro MARDUK-BEL-USATE backed by Arameans. Marduk-Zakir-Shumi asks Assyrians for help. | 851 B76 11-983, ISBE 4-445, RAI2 247 |
| c.850 | MARDUK-ZAKIR-SHUMI-I king of Babylon, backed by Assyrians, defeats bro MARDUK-BEL-USATE backed by Arameans. | 850 B76 11-983 |
| c.850 |  KURKH MONOLITH: Contains the name "A-ha-ab-bu Sir-ila-a-a" which is proposed to be a reference to Ahab of Israel. Though scholars have disputed the translation, it is significant as the only possible known reference to the term "Israel" in Assyrian and Babylonian records. |
photo {{PD-US}} 850 wikLABA |
| c.849 | URARTU attacked by Shalmanezer-III. | 849 bk |
| c.844 | URARTU: Many settlements destroyed by Shalmanezer-III. | 844 B76 18-1039 |
| c.840 | URARTU, hassled by Assyrians from 1275, Assyrian invasions cease. Urartu begins rise. | 840 B76 18-1039, TAWH 16 |
| c.838 | ARAMEAN area in middle Euphrates annexed by Shalmanezer-III. | 838 B76 I-475 |
| c.836 | MEDES ("Madai" in plain of Kurdistan) first mentioned in Assyrian records from an expedition of Shal-III, to whom they pay tribute. Media is divided into small principalities in central Zagros Mts. | 836 hifi 834 MCAW 58 |
| c.836 | PARSU (Persians in mountains of Kurdistan) first mentioned in Assyrian records. They pay tribute to Shal-III. | 837 NLEM 309 836 WPOT 313 |
| c.831 | Assyrian general claims victory over king of Urartu (Sarduri-I?). | 831 MCAW 58 |
| c.827 | ASHUR-NADIN-APLI, son of Shalmanezer-III, revolts with 27 cities including Ashur, Nineveh, Erbil, Arrapkha until 822. | 828 B76 11-983 827 RAI2 249 |
| c.827 | SHAMSHI-ADAD, son of Shalmanezer-III, leads imperial army against bro Ashur-Nadin-Apli. War until 822. | 827 RAI2 249 |
| c.824 | Son of Ashurnasirpal-II, SHALMANEZER-III ends. King of Assyria from 859. Son SHAMSHI-ADAD-V succeeds 823-11. | 824 B76 11-983, CAH 3.1, FLAP 171, HCC, IDB 1-272, MCAW 60, MRDK, MWΦ 16, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, SOTS 165, 177, WPOT 138, absA, bk, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA |
| c.822 | ASHUR-NADIN-APLI, son of Shalmanezer-III, revolting against legitimate authority from 827, suppressed by SHAMSHI-ADAD-V king of Assyria 823-11 (having ignominiously asked aid from Babylon). | 827 RAI2 249 |
| c.820 | SHAMSHI-ADAD-V king of Assyria 823-11, invades PARSU (Persian) country. | 820 WPOT 313 |
| c.820 | SHAMSHI-ADAD-V king of Assyria 823-11, wars with Babylon until death 811. Extends boundaries east and south. | 820 CAH 3 |
| c.819 | Son of Nabu-apla-iddina, MARDUK-ZAKIR-SHUMI-I ends. King of Babylon from 855. Son MARDUK-BALASSU-IQBI succeeds to 813. | 828 RAI2, RAI3 819 RAI3, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB no date: MRDK |
| c.813 | Son of Marduk-zakir-shumi-I, MARDUK-BALASSU-IQBI ends. King of Babylon from 819. BABA-AHA-IDDINA succeeds to 811. | 813 brKB, hifi, wikB no date: MRDK, RAI2, RAI3, frM, stmaB |
| c.811 | BABA-AHA-IDDINA ends. King of Babylon from 813. Five unimportant kings succeed to 800. | 811 brKB, hifi, wikB no date: MRDK, frM, stmaB |
| c.811 | SHAMSHI-ADAD-V, king of Assyria, offers sacrifices in city of Babylon. | 811 Sag1 102 |
| c.811 | Son of Shalmanezer-III, SHAMSHI-ADAD-V dies. King of Assyria from 824. Young son ADAD-NIRARI-III succeeds to 783. Mother SAMMU-RAMAT is regent until 805. | 811 B76 11-983, CAH 3.1, FLAP 173, MCAW 60, MCAW 60, MNHK 112, MRDK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, SOTS 166, WPOT 138, absA, bk, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 810 HCC |
| c.805 | ADAD-NIRARI-III, king of Assyria 811-783, lists the Amukkani and Bit-Yakin among his Chaldean vassals. | 805 ISBE 1-630 |
| c.805 | SAMMU-RAMAT, regent for son ADAD-NIRARI-III, king of Assyria 811-783, dies. | 808 absA, lexA 806 B76 11-983, 18-1040, SOTS 196 805 hifi, kidA A-N-III yr 5 Sag1 103 omit: MRDK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, frM |
| c.800 | BABYLON, under 5 unimportant kings from 811, NINURTA-APLA-??? becomes king until 790. | 800 brKB, hifi, wikB no date: MRDK, frM, stmaB |
| c.790 | NINURTA-APLA-??? ends. King of Babylon from 800. MARDUK-BEL-ZERI succeeds to 780. | 790 brKB, hifi, wikB no date: MRDK, frM, stmaB |
| c.790 | ADAD-NIRARI-III king of Assyria 811-783 makes treaty with MARDUK-BEL-ZERI king of Babylon. Assyria is protector. | 790 MCAW 62 |
| c.783 | Son of Shamshi-Adad V, ADAD-NIRARI-III dies. King of Assyria from 811. Son SHALMANEZER-IV succeeds to 772. | 783 B76 11-983, CAH 3.1, FLAP 173, HCC, MCAW 62, MNHK 112, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, absA, bk, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 782 MRDK, WPoT |
| c.781 | ASSYRIA politically paralized until 745. | 781 RAI2 751 |
| c.780 | MARDUK-BEL-ZERI ends. King of Babylon from 790. MARDUK-APLA-USUR succeeds to 769. | 780 brKB, hifi, wikB no date: MRDK, RAI3, frM, stmaB |
| c.779 | ARGISHTI-I king of Urartu 785-56, operating around Zab and Lake Urmia, reports victories over Assyrians. | yr 6 B76 18-1040 |
| c.778 | ARGISHTI-I king of Urartu 785-56, operating around Zab and Lake Urmia, reports victories over Assyrians. | yr 7 B76 18-1040 |
| c.772 | Son of Adad-nirari-III, SHALMANEZER-IV ends. King of Assyria from 783. Son ASHUR-DAN-III succeeds to 755. | 773 B76 11-983, CAH 3.1, FLAP 173, HCC, absA, hifi, lexA 772 MRDK, RAI3, frM, kidA 782 WPoT 771 RAI2, Sag |
| c.769 | MARDUK-APLA-USUR ends. King of Babylon from 780. ERIBA-MARDUK succeeds to 761. | 782 IDB 3-355 769 brKB, hifi, wikB no date: MRDK, RAI3, frM, stmaB |
| c.765 | NINEVEH, under ASHUR-DAN-III, hit by plague. | 765 ISBE 2-1115 |
| 763 Jun 15 | SOLAR ECLIPSE recorded and identified in Assyrian eponym lists as year 10 of Ashurdan-III. "Bur-Sagale of Guzana, revolt in the city of Assur. In the month Simanu an eclipse of the sun took place" |
Assyrian Chronicles 763 MCAW 63, MNHK 69, RAI2 37, RAI3 302, Sdl 4-143, TToH, doth, livBQ, nasa, wiclips, wyhm |
| c.761 | ERIBA-MARDUK ends. King of Babylon from 769. NABU-SHUMA-ISHKUN succeeds to 748. | 763 RAI2 762 IDB 3-355 761 RAI3, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB no date: MRDK |
| c.759 | NINEVEH, under ASHUR-DAN-III, hit by plague. | 759 ISBE 2-1115 |
| c.755 | Son of Shalmaneser-IV, ASHUR-DAN-III ends. King of Assyria from 772. Son of Adad-Nirari-III, ASHUR-NIRARI-V succeeds to 745. | 755 B76 11-983, CAH 3.1, FLAP 173, HCC, RAI3, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 754 MRDK, RAI2, Sag |
| c.753 | SARDURI-II, king of Urartu 756-34, defeats ASHUR-NIRARI-V, king of Assyria 755-45 in upper basin of Tigris. | 753 B76 18-1040 |
| c.750 | MARI, under Babylon from 1200, comes under Assyria until 609. | 750 rcS |
| c.750 | GLASS V making: A declining industry in Mesopotamia from 1200, revives. (See Egypt 550) | 8-700 txgls |
| c.748 | NABU-SHUMA-ISHKUN ends. King of Babylon from 761. Pro-Assyrian NABU-NASIR (Nabonassar) succeeds to 734. | 748 CAH 3.1, RAI3, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB 747 DGRG 1-356, GHH, MCAW 64, MNHK, RAI2, Sag no date: MRDK |
| 747 Feb 26 | 1st year of Nabonassar (Anno Nabonassari) begins at noon according to Claudius Ptolemy. Berossus of Cos quotes Syncellus as saying, "He [Nabonassar] gathered the records of his predecessors and destroyed them, thus ensuring that the history of the Chaldean kings began with him." | 747 DGRG 1-356, Feb 26 DGRBM 2-1135, GHH, wikNbnsr |
| c.747 | Λ CALENDAR V REFORM by Nabu-Nasir on advice of astronomers. Adds 7 extra months in 19 lunar years. This Nabu-Nasir Calendar becomes standard calendar 388-367. Λ ASTRONOMICAL V observations are henceforth recorded, but are not completely preserved. Oldest extant tablet is from 568. (See Egyptian 1500, Olmec 1200, Gezer 950, Roman 713, Cleostratos 520, Chinese 444) | 747 BCoC 179, MNHK 70, RAI2 305, RAI3 365 |
| 746 Feb 6 | LUNAR ECLIPSE begins a list of celestial phenomena in Babylon. | Feb 6, 746 acc. to Britton: wikNbnsr |
| c.745 | CALAH, under Assyria from ?, capital 879-710, rebels. | 745 WPOT 160 |
| c.745 | Son of Adad-Nirari-III, ASHUR-NIRARI-V dies. King of Assyria from 755, murdered in palace revolt, with most of family. Son TIGLATH-PILESER-III succeeds to 727. | 746 B76 11-983, MCAW 64, RAI2, Sag1 104 745 CAH 3.1, FLAP 173, HCC, MNHK 69, MRDK, RAH, RAI3, SOTS 322, absA, bk, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA |
| c.745 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, goes to Babylonia, helps NABU-NASIR king of Babylon 748-34 fight and defeat Arameans. | 746 B76 11-984 745 MNHK 121 |
| c.745 | BABYLON subdued by TIGLATH-PILESER-III. | 745 SOTS 207 |
| c.737 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, fights in Urartu until 73?. Only partly successful. | 737 SOTS 164, 198 735 B76 11-984 |
| c.737 | Assyrians invade PARSUA (Persia). | 737 WPOT 313 |
| c.735 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, besieges TUSHPA, capital of Urartu. | 735 B76 1-821, 18-1040, RAI2 256 |
| c.734 | NABU-NASIR dies. King of Babylon from 748. pro-Assyrian NABU-NADIN-ZER succeeds to 732. | 734 CAH 3.1, 3.2, ISBE 1-385, MNHK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB 732 wikNbnsr no date: MRDK |
| c.734 | NABU-MUKIN-ZER, Chaldean chief of Bit-Amukani tribe, rebels against pro-Assyrian king of Babylon NABU-NADIN-ZER. | 734 Sag1 109 |
| c.732 | NABU-NADIN-ZER dies. King of Babylon from 734. NABU-SHUM-UKIN-II succeeds and ends. Chaldean usurper NABU-MUKIN-ZER succeeds to 729. | 732 CAH 3.2, MNHK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB, MRDK 731 Jud 11-1389, RAI2 257 |
| 8th DYNASTY of Babylon ends. Began 979. MIDDLE BABYLONIAN Period ends. Began 1157. ASSYRIAN RULE begins until 620. |
| c.732 | After Nabunadinzer dies, BABYLON is siezed by the Amukkani tribe. | 734 ISBE 1-630 |
| c.732 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III king of Assyria, attacks and defeats NABU-MUKIN-ZER king of Babylon and his allies. | 733/2 Jud 11-1390 732 B76 11-984 |
| c.729 | NABU-MUKIN-ZER king of Babylon from 732, captured by Assyrians. TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27, takes over until 727. (1st Assyrian to rule Babylon since 1227). Kings of Assyria are now also called king of Babylon. | 730 RAI2 729 B76 11-984, BI+N 65, CAH 3.2, ISBE 4-850, MRDK, RAI2 257, Sag, brKB, hifi, wikB 728 MCAW 64 727 MNHK 721 frM, stmaB no date: RAI3 |
| c.728 | MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA (Merodach Baladan) Chaldean sheikh of Bit-Yakin tribe, submits to TIGLATH-PILESER-III. | 728 MCAW 64 |
| c.727 | Son of Adad-Nirari-V, TIGLATH-PILESER-III dies. King of Assyria from 745, king of Babylon from 729. Son SHALMANEZER-V succeeds to 722. | 727 B76 11-984, CAH 3.1, 3.2, FLAP 173, HCC, MCAW 67, MNHK 125, MRDK, RAH, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, SOTS 166, 199, WPOT 138, 161, absA, bk, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA |
| c.722 | Son of TP-III, SHALMANEZER-V ends. King of Assyria and Babylon from 727, dethroned by coup headed by Sargon (probably a bro). SARGON-II succeeds as king of Assyria until 705, continuing the policies of his father. | 722 B76 IX-107, 11-984, BCoC 165, CAH 3.1, 3.2, FLAP 174, HCC, ISBE 4-338, MNHK 125, RAH 100, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, SOTS 322, WPoT, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 721 B76 16-248 |
| c.721 | MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II Chaldean sheikh of Bit-Yakin tribe, unites Chaldean and Aramean tribes behind him, allies with Elam, siezes Babylon, becomes king of Babylon until 710 (while Sargon-II claims the same title). | 722 B76 VI-809, ISBE 3-325, Jud 11-1389, MRDK, RAI2, Sag, hifi 721 B76 11-984, BI+N 68, GHH, IDB 3-355, ISBE 1-630, MNHK, RAI2 265-6, RAI3, Sag, WPoT 188, frM, stmaB, wikB 720 Sdl 4-243, bk 710 MCAW 66 |
| 721 Mar 19 | LUNAR ECLIPSE seen in Babylon in 1st year of "Mardokempados" (Marduk-Apal-Iddina-II). | 721 Mar. 19 MNHK 71, doth |
| Other eclipses in Mar. 18 & Sep. 1 of his 2nd year (720) are also recorded. |
| c.721 | Former king of Assyria, SHALMANEZER-V dies. | 721 ISBE 1-385 |
| c.721 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria and Babylon 721-05, marches against MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II east of Tigris, defeated by Elamite army at Der, returns to Assyria. Leaves Babylon alone until 710. | 721 B76 11-984, ISBE 4-339, LEWH 52, Sag 720 Jud 14-880, RAI2 258 |
| c.720 | CUT Λ GLASS V: oldest datable cold cut vessel found at Calah, inscribed "Sargon-II". | 720 SHT 2-336 |
| c.715 | DIAUKKU chieftain in Media, captured by SARGON-II, deported. | 715 WPOT 314 |
| c.715 | Zagros Mountain captives deported to Assyria by Sargon-II. | 714 B76 9-832 |
| c.714 | SENNACHERIB, son of Sargon-II, on recon mission in Urartu, learns of defeat of Rusas-I, reports it to his father. | 714 B76 18-1040 |
| c.714 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria 722-05, major offensive against Urartu. Goes to province of Zamua, thence north to land of his vassal Ullusunu the Manaean, marches east against Zikirtu and Urartu, sacks and destroys chief Urartian cities. Defeats RUSAS-I and allies at Lake Urima, decides not to besiege Rusas in Tushpa, plunders Ardini (main religious center), takes statue of Haldi. No further trouble from Urartu. | 714 B76 11-984, 16-249, 18-1040, ISBE 4-339, MCAW 64, RAI2 259, Sag1 113-114, SHT 1-246, WPOT 162, wikU |
| c.713 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria 722-05, conquers region of Ecbatana, receives tribute from Medes. | 713 RAI2 259, RAI3 312 |
| c.710 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria 722-05, victorious everywhere, controls everything up to and including most of Zagros Mountains. He now attacks Shutur-Nahunte-I, king of Elam, then Marduk-Apal-Iddina-II, king of Babylon. | 710 IDB 3-355, ISBE 2-51, Jud 11-1390, RAI2 261 |
| c.710 | SARGON-II, king of Assyria 722-05, invades Babylon. Warmly received by the population. | 710 ISBE 4-394, Jud 14-880 |
| c.710 | MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II, king of Babylon from 722, defeated by SARGON-II of Assyria, who takes over as king until 705. M-A-I-II flees eastward, maintains position as sheikh of Bit-Yakin tribe. | 711 RAI2, Sag 710 B76 11-984, CAH 3.2, IDB 3-355, ISBE 1-630, Jud 4-32, 11-1389, MNHK, MRDK, RAI3, Sdl 4-243, WPoT 162, 188, brKB, stmaB, wikB 709 BI+N 70, LEWH 52, Sdl 4-253, frM 703 hifi |
| c.710 | CAPITAL of Assyria: CALAH from 879, moved slightly north to DUR-SHARRUKIN until 704. | 710 ISBE 4-339, PW 15 |
| c.709 | DUR YAKIN, capital of Marduk-Apal-Iddina-II, taken and destroyed by Sargon-II. | 709 B76 VI-809 |
| c.709 | North Babylonians are deported to Israel. | 709 BI+N 66 |
| c.707 | CIMMERIANS in Urartu from 715, new wave enters from between Black & Caspian Seas, defeat ARGISHTI-II, procede south, turn west into Assyrian province of Que. | 707 Sag1 116, Sag2 110 |
| c.705 | MEDIA, divided into small principalities from at least 834, conquered by SARGON-II, under Assyria until ?. | 705 LEWH 53 |
| c.705 | SARGON-II dies. King of Assyria from 722, king of Babylon from 710, in Anatolia, killed fighting Cimmerians. Son SENNACHERIB succeeds as king of Assyria to 681, as king of Babylon to 703. | 705 B76 1-822, BCoC 165, CAH 3.1, 3.2, FLAP 174, HCC, IDB 1-272, 2-732, ISBE 1-630, 4-338, Jud 11-1390, MCAW 66, MNHK 125, MRDK, RAH 100, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 1-414, SOTS 166, 210, WPoT 162, absA, bk, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA |
| c.704 | CAPITAL of Assyria: DUR-SHARRUKIN from 710, moved by Sennacherib to his newly rebuilt NINEVEH until 612. | 705 PW 15 704 MCAW 65 701 B76 11-985 |
| c.703 | MARDUK-ZAKIR-SHUMI-II, son of a slave, becomes king of Babylon, and ends the same year. MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II returns from Elam with army and resumes as king of Babylon until 702. | 705 stmaB, frM 704 IDB 3-355 703 B76 VI-809, 11-985, 16-542, CAH 3.2, IDB 3-355, 4-270, ISBE 3-325, MNHK, MRDK, RAI3 321, Sag1 118, Sag2 112, Sdl 4-258, brKB, hifi, wikB omit: RAI2, RAI3, Sag |
| c.703 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, defeats Elamites at Cutha (northeast of Babylon), takes Cutha by storm, breaks up Chaldean allies at Kish, controls north Babylonia. | 703 RAI3 321, Sag1 119, Sag2 112 |
| c.702 | CYAXARES king of Media, attacks an Assyrian province. | 702 SOTS 314 |
| c.702 | MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II, king of Babylon from 703, defeated by Sennacherib at Kish, flees eastward into swamps. Sennacherib retakes Babylon, keeps south Babylonia under Assyrian control, but installs native Babylonian BEL-IBNI in north Babylonia to 700. | 703 BI+N 71, RAI2 266, Sdl 4-253, brKB, wikB 702 B76 11-985, CAH 3.2, IDB 4-271, ISBE 4-394, MNHK, MRDK, RAI2, Sag1 119, Sag2 112, Sdl 4-258, SOTS 212, frM, hifi, stmaB 700 Jud 11-1390 omit: RAI3 |
| c.702 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, campaigns against Elamite vassals in Zagros Mts. | 702 B76 11-985, 16-542 |
| c.700 | BOATS: A relief at Nineveh shows men swimming across the Tigris on inflated animal skins. Another relief shows a boat with a horse head towing timber. | 700 LS 11, 31 |
| c.700 | Water TUNNELS to subterranean aquifers built in Assyria. | 700 TTT |
| c.700 | PULLEY used in Assyria. | 700 TTT |
| c.700 | MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II, sheikh of Bit-Yakin tribe, when Assyrian troops leave, conspires with Chaldeans, Arameans, and Elamites, usurps control of south Babylonia until later in 700. | 700 ISBE 2-51, RAI2 266, RAI3 321 |
| c.700 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, overlord of Babylonia, goes from Assyria to Babylonia, suppresses rebellion in south. | 700 Sag1 120, Sag2 113 |
| c.700 | MARDUK-APAL-IDDINA-II, king of Babylon 700, deposed by Sennacherib, flees to south Elam, never heard of again. | 700 B76 VI-809, Sag1 120, Sag2 113 |
| c.700 | BEL-IBNI, king of north Babylonia from 702, relieved by Sennacherib, who installs his son ASHUR-NADIN-SHUMI until 694. | 700 CAH 3.2, IDB 4-271, ISBE 4-394, MNHK, MRDK, RAI2, Sag1 120, Sag2 113, Sdl 4-258, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB omit: RAI3 |
| c.700 | Λ ASTRONOMY V: Babylonians use their record of eclipses to see regular patterns of eclipses. They use these patterns to predict lunar eclipses. (See Hesiod 700, Thales eclipse 585) | 700 higrd |
| c.696 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria, overlord of Babylonia 705-681, sends troops into Que and Hilakku Provinces to quell local rebellions. | 696 B76 1-822 |
| c.694 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria, overlord of Babylonia 705-681, decides to attack Chaldeans by rivers and Elam by sea, has Arameans build ships at Nineveh. | 694 RAI3 321, Sag2 113 no date: Sag1 120 |
| c.694 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria, overlord of Babylon 705-681, sea attack on ELAM. Secures beach head, raids and destroys Elamite cities, captures remnant of Bit-Yakin tribe. | 695 RAI2 266 694 Sag2 113, Sdl 4-290, bk no date: Sag1 120 |
| c.694 | ASHUR-NADIN-SHUMI, son of Sennacherib, king of Babylon from 700, captured at Sippar by HALLUSHU-INSHUSHINAK-II king of Elam 699-93, who installs native Babylonian NERGAL-USHEZIB until 693. | 694 CAH 3.2, LEWH 52, MNHK, MRDK, RAI2, RAI3 Sag, Sdl 4-290, brKB, hifi, stmaB, wikB omit: frM |
| c.693 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria, overlord of Babylonia 705-681, returns from south Babylonia, defeats Elamites and NERGAL-USHEZIB at Nipur. | 693 IDB 4-271, Sag1 120 |
| c.693 | NERGAL-USHEZIB ends. King of Babylon from 694, displaced by another native Babylonian, MUSHEZIB-MARDUK, who with Aramean support, succeeds to 689. | 693 CAH 3.2, MNHK, MRDK, RAI2, Sag, brKB, hifi, stmaB, wikB 692 Sdl 4-291 omit: RAI3, frM |
| c.692 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria, overlord of Babylonia 705-681, attacks ELAM from Der province. Climatic conditions prevent him from penetrating Elam. | late 693 Sag2 114 692 B76 9-831, Sag1 121 |
| c.689 | MUSHEZIB-MARDUK, king of Babylon from 693, rebels against Assyrian governor, defeated by local Assyrian authority, flees to Elam. HUMBAN-NIMENA-III, king of Elam, and Mushezib-Marduk return with army to province of Arrapkha, and are defeated by Sennacherib at Halule on Diyala River. ESARHADDON, son of Sennacherib, is viceroy of Babylon until 681. Mushezib-Marduk flees to Babylon. | 691 LEWH 52 689 MRDK, RAI2, Sag, Sdl 4-291, brKB, hifi, stmaB, wikB omit: RAI3, frM |
| c.689 | MUSHEZIB-MARDUK, besieged in Babylon by Sennacherib 9 months, succumbs to famine and disease, surrenders. SENNACHERIB becomes king of Babylon, takes title: "king of Sumer and Akkad". | 689 B76 11-986, CAH 3.2, ISBE 1-385, MCAW 68, MNHK, MRDK, RAI2, Sag1 121, Sag2 114, brKB, hifi, stmaB, wikB |
| c.689 | BABYLON plundered and destroyed by Sennacherib. Temple of Marduk destroyed. Water of Arakhtu canal diverted over ruins. Inner city remains nearly uninhabited 8 years. Statue of Marduk taken to Assyria. | 693 TTPC 689 B76 III-954, 2-555, 11-986, IDB 4-271, Jud 4-32, 6-852, Sag1 121, Sag2 114, Sdl 1-437, mxfld |
| c.681 | Son of Sargon-II, SENNACHERIB dies. King of Assyria, overlord of Babylon from 705, murdered in Babylon by sons Adramelech & Sharezer. Son, and legitimate nominee, Esarhaddon, currently in Nineveh, musters army, attacks and defeats the parricides near Nisibis. ESARHADDON succeeds as king of Assyria and Babylon to 669. | 682 LEWH 48 681 B76 1-820, 11-986, BCoC 165, CAH 3.1, 3.2, DOTT 70, FLAP 176, HCC, IDB 4-272, MCAW 68, MNHK, 125, MRDK, RAH 101, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 4-258, SOTS 166, 216, WPoT, absA, bk, brKB, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA, wikB |
| c.681 | ADRAMELECH & SHAREZER, murderers of Sennacherib, flee to Urartu. | 681 Sag1 123 |
| c.680 | Unnamed CHIEF of BIT-YAKIN tribe, a son of Marduk-Apla-Idina, rebels, blockades the Assyrian governor in Babylon, tries to take Ur, but when Esarhaddon attacks, the chief flees to Elam, where the king decides he is a liability, and executes him. His brother submits to Esarhaddon, and is made vassal over the Sea Lands. | 681 Sag1 124 680 RAI2 270, RAI3 326 |
| c.680 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylon 681-69, begins rebuilding BABYLON for his Babylonian wife, not without local opposition. Completed 678. | 681 Sdl 1-437 680 MCAW 68 11 yrs after destruction: RAI3 325, Sag1 125 |
| c.680 | ASHUR-AKH-IDDIN appointed governor of Babylon by Esarhaddon until 668. | 680 MNHK |
| c.679 | Scythians invade northeast Assyrian Empire. | 679 Jud 6-852 |
| c.679 | Chaldean Chief of the Dakkuri tribe makes encroachments on Borsippa & Babylon. Esarhaddon attacks, defeats, and replaces him with a more compliant vassal. | 679 Sag1 124 678 B76 III-954 |
| c.679/8 | ESARHADDON returns from Babylon to Assyria. | guess |
| c.676 | 3 Median chiefs, pressed by Cimmerians and Scythians, asks for Assyrian aid. | 676 ISBE 3-297 |
| c.676 | ESARHADDON campaigns in Arabia. | 676 MCAW 68 |
| c.675 | BABYLONIA is now so firmly under Assyrian control that a raid by Humban-Haltash-II king of Elam 681-75, fails to inspire rebellion. | 675 RAI2 270, RAI3 326, Sag1 125, Sag2 118 |
| 675 | LUNAR ECLIPSE "The eclipse of the Moon which took place in Marchesvan (month 8) began [in the east]. That is bad for Subartu. What [is wrong]? After it, Jupiter ent[ered] the Moon three times. What is being done to (make) its evil pass? . . ." (Babylonian scribe Bel-suma-iskun). |
675 mrec |
| c.672 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylonia 681-69, with approval of the gods and assent of the family council, proclaims sons crown princes: ASHURBANIPAL of Assyria & SHAMASH-SHUM-UKIN of Babylonia. | 672 B76 III-954, 2-144, 11-986, RAI3 329, Sag1 126 |
| c.672 | Main rulers of MEDIA become vassals to Assyria. | 672 ISBE 3-297, Jud 6-852 |
| c.671 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylonia 681-69, invades Aram. In Mediterranean area until 670. | 671 RAI3 328 |
| c.670 | ESARHADDON has some kind of problem with his nobility in Assyria, because an inscription says he executed many of them in his 11th year. | 670 Sag2 119 |
| 669 May 27 | SOLAR ECLIPSE "If the Sun at its rising is like a crescent and wears a crown like the Moon: the king wll capture his enemy's land; evil will leave the land, and (the land) will experience good ..." (Rasil the older, Babylonian scribe to the king). |
669 mrec |
| c.669 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylonia 681-69, again sets out for Egypt with army, but gets sick. | 669 Sag1 127, Sag2 119 |
| c.669 Dec. | Son of Sennacherib, ESARHADDON dies. King of Assyria and Babylonia from 681, dies of illnes at Haran enroute to Egypt. Son ASHURBANIPAL succeeds without oppossition as king of Assyria to 631, postpones Egyptian campaign, returns to Assyria. | 669 B76 III-954, 2-144, 11-986, CAH 3.1, 3.2, DMoN 184, FLAP 179, GEoP 346, HCC, IDB 2-124, MCAW 68, MRDK, RAH, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 4-294, SOTS 216, WPoT 265, absA, bk, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 668 BCoC 165, BHoE 556 |
| c.668 | ASHUR-AKH-IDDIN Assyrian governor of Babylon from 680, replaced by SHAMASH-SHUM-UKIN, as planned by father Esarhaddon until 648. | 669 ISBE 1-385, MRDK, hifi 668 CAH 3.1, MNHK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, brKB, frM, stmaB, wikB 667 CAH 3.1 |
| c.668 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, (and now in Assyria) makes treaty with TYRE (having been unable to take it). | 668 MCAW 68, DBANE 239 |
| c.667 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, remains in Nineveh, sends army to reconquer Egypt. | 667 GEoP 346, Sag1, Sag2 120 no date: RAI3 330 |
| c.664 | ELAMITES attack Babylonia. | 665 ISBE 2-51 664 B76 11-987, bk |
| c.660 | ASHURBANIPAL, king of Assyria, reestablishes Assyrian sovereignty over MANNA. | 660 ISBE 3-298 660/59 B76 18-1040 |
| c.656 | SHAMASH-SHUM-UKIN, Assyrian king of Babylon 668-48, secret alliance with Chaldeans, Psamtik-I, Elam, Phoenicians, Philistines, Judah, & others, rebels against overlord Ashurbanipal. | 656 B76 11-987 |
| c.655 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, invades Elam, takes capitals Madaktu & Susa. | 655 Sag1 131, Sag2 |
| c.654 | RUSAS-II king of Urartu 685-45, sends embassy to Ashurbanipal, indicating that he still claims equal status. | 654 or after: B76 18-1040 |
| c.654 | SHAMASH-SHUM-UKIN king of Babylon 668-48, allies with Psamtik-I, of Egypt. | 654 SOTS 233 |
| c.653 | MEDES attack Nineveh unsuccesfully. | 653 MCAW 70 |
| c.652 | SHAMASH-SHUM-UKIN king of Babylon 668-48, allied with Chaldeans, Psamtik-I, Elam, Phoenicians, Philistines, Judah, & others, rebels against overlord Ashurbanipal until 648. Attacks Babylonian cities held by Asyrian governors. | 652 B76 11-987, RAI3 333, Sag1 132, Sdl 1-437, SOTS 167, 216 651 RAI2 276, bk |
| c.652 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, raids the south. | 652 ISBE 1-630 |
| c.652 | PALIA, grandson of Marduk-Apal-Iddina-II, captured by Ashurbanipal. | 652 ISBE 1-630 |
| c.652 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, is now fully occupied in Babylonia, and cannot deal with external rebellions until 648. | 652 WPOT 166 |
| c.652 | Elamite army invades north Babylonia while Shamash-shum-ukin attacks cities held by Assyrian garrisons. Ashurbanipal defeats Elamites. | 652 Sag1 132 |
| c.651 | ASHURBANIPAL king of Assyria 669-31, expels Chaldean opposition from south Babylonia, besieges Borsippa and Babylon. | no date: B76 11-987, Sag1 132 |
| c.650 | Λ CLEPSYDRA (water clock) V used in Assyria. | 700-600 TTS |
| c.650 | Λ GLASS: 1st glassmaking "manual" appears in library of Ashurbanipal. | 650 vs2fr |
| c.650 | Assyrians defeat a coalition at Babsame (location unknown) on the Tigris. | 650 MCAW 72 |
| c.650 | Arab attempt to break Ashurbanipal's siege of Babylon fails. | 650 Sag1 132 |
| by 650 | Almost the whole civilized Near East is under one man - the king of Assyria. | by 650 SHWC 35 |
| c.648 | BABYLON, besieged by Ashurbanipal from ?, and reduced to cannibalism, falls. Looted and burnt. | 649 bk 648 B76 2-555, 11-987, BI+N 75, CAH 3.3, IDB 1-257, ISBE 1-630, MCAW 72, Sag1 132, SOTS 167 |
| c.648 | SHAMASH-SHUM-UKIN, son of Esarhaddon, king of Babylon from 668, burns to death in palace. ASHURBANIPAL occupies throne of Babylon for a year. | 649 MRDK, hifi 648 B76 2-145, 11-986, CAH 3.1, 3.2, ISBE 1-385, MNHK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag, Sdl 1-437, SOTS 167, brKB, frM, stmaB, wikB |
| c.648 | ASHURBANIPAL marches to Susa, intervenes in royal succession of Elam but achieves no permanent settlement. | 648 Sag1 133 |
| c.647 | KANDALANU appointed viceroy of Babylon by Ashurbanipal until 627. | 647 CAH 3.1, 3.2, MNHK, RAI2, RAI3, Sag1 133 |
| c.647 | ELAM refuses to extradite an Aramean prince to Assyria. | 647 B76 11-987 |
| c.646 | Temple of Nimah built at Babylon by Ashurbanipal. | 646 ISBE 1-389 |
| c.644 | SARDURI-III, king of Urartu, sends embassy to ASHURBANIPAL acknowledging him as sovereign. | 644 B76 18-1040 |
| c.642 | ASSYRIAN ARMY marches thru all of ELAM until 639. | 642 Sag1 133 |
| c.639 | The series of Assyrian campaigns into Elam from 692 ends. The final campaign from 642 is victorious and ends. | 639 B76 9-831, RAI3 334, Sag1 133 |
| c.639 | ASHURBANIPAL'S ANNALS end here, a detailed, almost novelistic accounts of his military and civic achievements. He leaves no more history until his death. | 640 B76 11-987 639 IDB 1-257, RAI2 310, RAI3 372, Sag1 134, WPOT 166 |
| c.63? | LIBRARY at NINEVEH built by Ashurbanipal. Contains @30,000 tablets, including scientific achievements, medical treatises, multiplication tablets, lists of plants, hymns, prayers, incantations, omens, astronomy/astrology, Sumerian Grammars. Significant tablets: Azekah Inscription, Esarhaddon's Treaty with Baal of Tyre, Nimrud Tablet K.3751, Sargon-II's Prism A, Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa, Gilgamesh , Enuma Elish . | no date: MCAW 69, wikLA |
| c.632 | ASSYRIA: civil war between sons of Ashurbanipal, ASHUR-ETIL-ILANI and SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN. Ashurbanipal withdraws to Haran. | after 635 B76 11-987 |
| c.632 | ASSYRIA begins decline. | 636-27 ENBD 1303 |
| c.631 | Son of Esarhaddon, ASHURBANIPAL ends. King of Assyria from 669, ends, but doesn't die until 627. Son ASHUR-ETIL-ILANI is chosen heir, but has to fight his bro SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN until 627. | 633 FLAP 180, HCC 632 DOTT 631 RAI2, absA, frM, hifi, kidA, lexA 630 RAI3 373, SOTS 167, 219, Sdl 4-299 |
| c.630 | Chaldean NABOPOLASSAR appointed governor of Babylon by Assyrians. | 630 MCAW 72 |
| c.627 | ASHURBANIPAL, son of Esarhaddon, former king of Assyria 669-31, dies. | 631 MCAW 72 629 WPOT 166 627 B76 11-986, CAH 3.1, 3.2, RAI3, WPoT, absA, hifi 626 BCoC 165, MRDK, RAH, Sag, Sdl 1-405, TTPC |
| c.627 | Son of Ashurbanipal, ASHUR-ETIL-ILANI ends. King of Assyria from 631, ends. Bro SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN succeeds to 612. | 629 HCC, frM, kidA 627 absA, hifi, lexA 626 ISBE 1-385 623 Sag 621 MRDK |
| c.627 | King of Babylon from 648, KANDALANU dies. Son of Ashurbanipal, SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN, succeeds to 620. | 630 MCAW 72 627 CAH 3.1, 3.2, MRDK, RAI2, RAI3, Sdl 4-311, SOTS 231, bk, brKB, frM, hifi, stmaB, wikB 626 MNHK, Sag |
| c.626 early | Street fights in Babylon, probably provoked by Nabopolassar. | 626 RAI3 373 |
| c.626 | SIN-SHUMU-LISHIR in Babylon becomes rival for throne of Assyria until 621. | 626 MRDK, absA, hifi, lexA no date: RAI3 omit: Sag, frM, kidA |
| c.626 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean governor in southern Babylonia, gains independence, rules until 605. | 629 hifi 626 B76 2-555, 11-987, BaCh 11, IDB 2-997, ISBE 3-470, Jud 4-32, MRDK, OCD 157, RAI2 312, Sag1 135, Sdl 1-444, SOTS 322, WPOT 166, 181, bk, brKB, wikB 625 B76 VII-158, CAH 3.1, 3.2, RAI3, WPoT, frM, stmaB |
| CHALDEAN DYNASTY and NEO-BABYLONIAN EMPIRE both begin until 539. |
| c.626 | BABYLON taken by Nabopolassar. | 627 ISBE 1-631 626 BI+N 75, ISBE 1-392 |
| c.626 | Neo-Babylonian dialect in Babylon influenced by Aramaic. | 626 ISBE 1-392 |
| c.626 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, makes secret anti-Assyrian alliance with CYAXARES king of Medes. | pre-621 Sag1 136 |
| c.626 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, clears last Assyrian garrisons from Babylonia south of Sippar. | by 617 Sag1 137 |
| c.625 | PHRAORTES, native chieftain of Medes from 647, killed besieging Nineveh. Son CYAXARES succeeds to 585. | 634 DGRBM 1-908 633 RAH 112 625 B76 III-318, LEWH 53 |
| c.625 | CYAXARES, king of Medes 625-585, gathers available forces, renews siege of Nineveh. | 634 DGRBM 1-908 |
| c.625 | CYAXARES, king of Medes 625-585, leaves Nineveh, attacks Scythians, and is defeated, and becomes subject to Scythians until 616. | 634 DGRBM 1-908 |
| c.625 | MADIUS the Scythian, king of Medes from 625, goes south with his father to invade Levant. Cyaxares, son of Phraortes, succeeds as CYAXARES-II to 585. | 640 mxfld 625 B76 III-318, 9-832, 11-988, GRG 329, HCC, MRDK, abasP, hifi, irch, KoP, taP, wapP |
| c.625 | SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN fights NABOPOLASSAR until 623. | 625 B76 11-988 |
| c.623 | ASHUR-ETIL-ILANI, son of Ashurbanipal, claimant to throne of Assyria, killed in battle at Nippur, leaving SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN supreme. | 623 RAI3 374 |
| c.623 | NIPPUR taken by Nabopolassar. | 622 SOTS 231 |
| 621 Apr 22 | ECLIPSE in 5th year of Nabopolassar. | 621 Apr 22 doth |
| c.620 | SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN, king of Assyria 627-12, king of Babylon from 627, flees from Babylon to Nineveh. | 626 RAI3 374 620 brKB, hifi, wikB omit: RAI2, Sag, frM, stmaB |
| ASSYRIAN RULE of Babylon ends. Began 732. | ||
| NABOPOLASSAR is king of Babylon to 605. |
| c.617 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, marches north of Tigris into Aramean lands of Suhu and Hindanu, subdues Arameans, defeats Assyrians. Counterattacked by Assyrian & Egyptian force. Withdraws to Babylon. | 617 Sag1 137 |
| c.616 | CYAXARES-II king of Medes 625-585 dominated by Scythians from 625, gains independence. | 616 ISBE 3-298 |
| c.616 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, counterattacks Assyrian & Egyptian force south of lower Zab River, forces them to withdraw, now controls all Sumer & Akkad. | 616 BI+N 82, RAI3 374, Sag1 137, SOTS 231 |
| c.616 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, marches one army up Euphrates to Haran, and another up Tigris to Arapha, which is besieged unsuccessfully. | 616 RAI2 312, RAI3 374, Sdl 4-313 |
| c.616 | NABOPOLASSAR / CYAXARES-II alliance. | 616 CMoG3 214, ISBE 3-470 |
| c.615 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, attacks religious capital Ashur, defeated by Assyrians, flees to Takrit. SIN-SHAR-ISHKUN, king of Assyria 627-12 suspects invasion by Medes, doesn't pursue Nabopolassar, assumes defensive posture, seeks alliance with Egypt. | 615 Sag1 137-8, Sdl 4-314 no date: RAI3 375 |
| c.615 | CYAXARES-II king of Medes 625-585 takes Assyrian border city ARAPHA to establish a base of operations. | 615 B76 9-833, 11-988, MCAW 74, RAI3 375, Sag1 138, Sdl 4-314, irch |
| c.615 | CYAXARES-II invades Assyria. | 616 B76 11-988 615 B76 9-833 615/4 RAI3 375 614 Sag1 138 |
| c.614 | CYAXARES-II king of Medes 625-585 besieges NINEVEH, but fails to capture, takes Tarbisu, takes and destroys ASHUR. | 616 B76 11-988, bk 614 B76 III-318, 9-833, 11-988, IDB 2-997, ISBE 3-470, RAI2 313, RAI3 375, Sag1 138, Sdl 4-314, SOTS 219, 233 |
| c.614 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, leads army to Ashur, but arrives too late to participate in battle or plunder, makes treaty with CYAXARES-II king of Medes. | 614 RAI3 375, Sag1 138 614/3 Sdl 4-314 |
| c.614 | Assyrians march down Euphrates to attack Nabopolassar. SUHU tribes north of Tigris now rebel against Nabopolassar. Assyrian/Egyptian coalition forces Nabopolassar to abandon siege of Anah and return to Babylon. | 614 RAI2 313, Sag1 138 |
| c.614 | Anti-Assyrian ALLIANCE: CYAXARES-II & NABOPOLASSAR. | 614 B76 11-988, MCAW 74, RAI3 376 613 B76 9-833, Sag1 138 |
| c.613 | Median siege of NINEVEH lifted, possibly because of Scythian attack on Medes. | 613 FLAP 184 |
| c.613 | NABOPOLASSAR, Chaldean king of southern Babylonia 626-05, campaigns unsuccessfully along Euphrates. | 613 RAI3 376, Sdl 4-314 |
| c.612 | SCYTHIANS persuaded by Medes to join coalition against Assyria. | 612 MCAW 74 |
| c.612 | CALAH, former capital of Assyria 879-710, taken by coalition. | 612 B76 11-988 |
| c.612 | Siege of NINEVEH resumed, this time with Medes, Scythians, and Babylonians combined. Part of Assyrian defenses are washed away by flooding Tigris. | 612 B76 9-833, FLAP 184, ISBE 3-470, MCAW 74, RAI3 376, Sag1 139, Sdl 4-315 |
| c.612 | After 3 month siege, NINEVEH, capital of Assyria from 704, falls to coalition. | 612 B76 9-833, 17, 946, CAH 3.2, FLAP 183, MCAW 74, RAH, RAI2 313, Sag1 139, Sdl 4-315, SOTS 167, 218, WBH 20 |
| NEO-ASSYRIAN Period ends. Began 912. |
Mesopotamia 612-501
V