c.1000	CYCLADES Islands, under Myceneans from 1400, occupied by Ionic speakers from Greece.	1000 OCD 304
c.1000	MELOS Island in Cyclades colonized by Dorians from Laconia.	no date: OCD 668

c.1000

DELOS Island in Cyclades occupied by Ionians.

1000 ISBE 1-916

c.1000

RHODES, occupied by Dorians (mainly from Argos) from 1100, Dorian occupation ends.

1000 B76 VIII-552

c.1000

CYPRUS, receives influx of Iron Age PHOENICIANS.

1000 OCD 306

c.1000

PHOENICIANS become main power in Mediterranean until 700.  PHOENICIAN culture and seapower peaks.

1100 B76 12-885 1200-800 wikΦ 1000 PW 15     832 GHH

c.1000

SARDINIA begins to be visited by Phoenicians.

1000 wikSrd

c.900

RHODES, occupied by Dorians from 1000.  Dorians found 3 cities.

900 GRG

c.850

RAM added to the prow of warships.

850 TTT

c.814

ELISA (Dido) of Tyre, with partisans of dead husband Acharbas, land on Cyprus.  Joined by High Priest of Astarte.  Sail from Cyprus with 80 cult prostitutes taken to ensure propogation of Phoenician cult.  Land in Libya.

878 GHH 814 MWΦ 114

c.800

SARDINIA occupied by Phoenicians until 238.

800 B76 16-245

c.800

ELBA, small mountainous island between Italy and northeast Corsica, occupied by Etruscans until 275.

800 rcNI

c.800

CYPRUS invaded by Phoenicians from Tyre who colonize Citium.

800 B76 5-406 no date: OCD 306

c.800

PANORMUS founded in Sicily by Carthaginians.

800 Dur 2-170

c.800

MALTA V:  Bronze age south Italian culture from 2000 ends.  Phoenician colony of Malet begins until 650.

800 rcSI

Homeric Aegean           GNU FDL

c.753

Poets Antimachos of Teos, and Asias of Samos, flourish.

753 GHH

c.750

Greeks begin colonizing Sicily.

750 bk

c.750

TEMPLE of HERA built on Samos.  Rebuilt 585.

8-700 wikHS

c.750

MEGARA, SICILY (aka Megara Hyblaea) founded by Greeks of Megara Attica, who had failed at Trotilon and Thapsos.

750 OCD 655 728 CAH 3-767, LEWH 62 trad date = 728 CAH 3.1, DGRBM, LEWH 62

c.735

CARIA is dominant in the Aegean.

735 GHH

c.734	NAXOS, SICILY, founded by Greeks of Chalcis under Theocles, after displacing a native settlement.  Under Chalcidians until 495/4.	736 DGRBM 3-1111 735 CDCC 819, DGRBM, Dur 2-66, GHH, OCD 725, OHG, bk 734 B76 8-330, CAH 3.1, 3.3-161, 7.2, GRG 324, OCD 264, lvS
	Considered 1st Greek colony on Sicily, because Megara Sicily is traditionally dated 728.

c.734

SYRACUSE, Sicily founded on the small island of Ortygia by Corinthian Greeks under aristocrat ARCHIAS.  Greek elite dominates Sicilian laborers.  Under oligarchy until 485.

735 Dur 2-66, LEWH 62     734 B76 17-918, DGRBM 1-265, GHH, ISBE 4-686, OCD 1030, RAH 146, bk, rcSI, vrb 734/3 GRG 325     733 B76 8-330, 337, CAH 3.1, 7.2, GRG, OCD 264, 290, OHG

c.734

Actaeon killed by Archias and Chersicrates.

734 GHH

c.733

CORCYRA island, under Eretrians from ?, taken over by Corinthians under Chersicrates.  Eretrians are expelled.

734 DGRG 1-670 733 B76 8-330, CAH 3.3-105

c.730

NURAGIC AGE in Sardinia ends.  Began 1900.  Destroyed by fire.  A nuraghe is a beehive shaped megalithic building made of many layers of stones whose size diminishes with height.

photo Gianni Careddu 900 wikB 730 wikNrg

c.730

Trotilas Sicily settled.

730 GHH

c.729

CATANA, on east coast of Sicily, founded by Greeks of Chalcis under Eucharos.  Under oligarchy until 500.

753 GHH     730 DGRG 1-567, GHH     729 B76 8-330, CAH 3.3-160, OCD 214, rcSI     728 bk

c.729

LEONTINI Sicily founded by Chalcidian Greeks from Naxos Island in Cyclades.

729 B76 VI-153, CAH 3.1, 3.3-161, OCD 596     728 LEWH 62, bk

c.729

ZANCLE Sicily (literally "Sickle" after the shape of its harbor) founded by Cumeans followed by Greeks of Chalcis.  under Greeks until 289.

730 B76 VI-824, CAH 7.2, OCD 264     725 OCD 675

c.728

MEGARA HYBLAEA Sicily founded by Greeks of Megara.  under Greeks until destroyed in 483.

728 B76 8-330, CAH 3.3-161, GHH

c.724

ELULAIOS king of Tyre 730-694 tries to invade Cyprus, which asks help from Assyrians, therefore Assyrians besiege Tyre.

724 wikAGhC

c.716

MYLAE Sicily founded by Greeks of Cumae and Chalcis to support Zancle.

717 OCD 675     716 B76 8-330, CAH 3.3-161, GHH

711 Mar 14

SOLAR ECLIPSE in Aegean and Greece.

711 Mar 14 OCD 98, wikLSE

c.709

CYPRUS, independent from ?, taken by Assyrians under Sargon-II, under Assyrians until 669.

709 B76 5-406, ISBE 1-843, OCD 306, cpnt, wikHC

c.709

SARGON II of Assyria erects a stela at Citium saying he received homage from kings of 7 Cypriot cities:  Curium, Paphos, Marion, Soli, Lapithos, Salamis, and Amathus.

709 cpnt

c.708

THASOS Island in north Aegean colonized by Parians.

708 DGRBM, OCD 98

c.700

SAMOTHRACE Island in north Aegean occupied by Thracians, gradually and peacefully receives Aeolian Greek immigrants until 513.

700 IDB 4-197, rcAg

c.700

TEMPLE of ARTEMIS on Delos Island in Cyclades rebuilt.

700 GRG 324

c.700

Λ MALTA, under Phoenician colony of Malet 800-650, invaded by Greeks, who plant colony of MELITE, which lasts until 528.

700 rcSI

c.700

BIREMES invented.  But stangely the ships are shortened and the same number of oars are used at first.

700 TTT

c.700

PHOENICIAN dominance in Mediterranean from 1000, gives way to Carthaginians and Greeks.

786 GHH 700 B76 12-885

c.700

CYPRUS:  EARLY IRON AGE 1050-525 Geometric Period ends.  Began 1050. Archaic Period begins until 525.

700 cpnt, wikHC

c.700

Exact repros of Geometric period Cycladic ware by Hellenic-Art.  A krater (left) c.735, an amphora (right) c.650.

700 Hellenic-Art.com

c.690

MOTYA founded on a small island off the west coast of Sicily by Carthaginians as a trading post.

800 Dur 2-170 early 7th cen: OCD 702, mxfld

c.690

AMORGOS Island in Cyclades settled by Samians.

690 OCD 949

c.688

GELA, Sicily founded by Dorians from Rhodes under Antiphemos and Cretans under Entimos.  Under democracy until 505.

713 GHH     690 DGRBM 1-205, GHH 690/88 GRG 325     688 B76 8-330, CAH 3.3-161, 7.2, LEWH 62, OCD 264, 459     680 rcSI

c.680

THASOS Island, colonized by Parians from 708, contested by Thrace, Paros, and Naxos Islands, colonized and ruled by Telesicles of Paros until 670.

680 CDCC 68, OCD 1051, rcAg

c.680

PAROS town founded on Thasos Island.

680 B76 8-332

c.680

10 Cypriot kings, including Pylagoras king of Chytroi, Eteander king of Paphos, and Damasus king of Kurion help Esarhaddon's campaign against Egypt.

680 wikAGhC

Exact repros of Geometric RHODIAN WARE with approx. dates by Hellenic-Art.com

c.675

Messenians migrate to Zancle and other parts of Sicily.

675 GHH     668 GHH

c.673/2

CYPRUS, under Assyria 709-669:  10 kingdoms listed by an inscription of Esarhaddon:  Soloi, Salamis, Paphos, Kourion, Amathus and Kition on the coast, and Tamassos, Ledrai, Idalion and Chytroi in the interior.

673/2 wikCyp

c.672

LESBOS Island dominant in Aegean.

672 GHH

c.670

ARCHILOCHOS of either Thasos or Paros Island in Cyclades, lyric poet, flourishes.  1st known Greek author to write almost entirely on his own emotions and experiences.

706 GHH     670 Dur 2-66, bk 675-40 CAH 3.3, OHG 665 GHH     650 HAG 61 648 MCAW 75

670 ±25

MUSIC V:  TERPANDER of Antissa Lesbos, poet & musician, flourishes.  1st certain figure in music of Greece.  Developed the citharoedic nomos (sung with the lyre) by making the divisions of the ode 7 instead of 4.  Introduced new rhythms in addition to the dactylic, composed drinking-songs.

670 Dur 2-66, wikTrp     650 CAH 3.3, OHG

c.670

Telesicles tyrant of Thasos from 680, ends.

670 rcAg

c.669

CYPRUS, under Assyria from 709, starts becoming independent while remaining under Assyria until at least 667.  Afterward remains independent until 565.

669 B76 5-406, wikHC 669-3 wikCyp

c.665

Λ MUSIC:  THALETAS of Crete flourishes.  Greek musician and lyric poet.  He introduces to Sparta elements of music and rhythm, which did not exist in Terpander's system, thereby founding the 2nd musical school of Sparta.

665 GHH

c.664

ACRAE, SICILY founded by Corinthians from Syracuse.

664 CAH 3-767, GHH 663 B76 8-331, CAH 3.3-160, DGRG 1-21, OCD 6

c.664

1st recorded Greek sea battle:  CORCYRA vs. CORINTH.  Corinthians defeated by Corcyrans off Sybota Island south of Corcyra.

712 mxfld     664 CAH 3-767, DGRBM, LEWH 62, OCD 724 664 or later: GRG 326 660 MCAW 70

c.654

IBIZA Island in Balearics colonized by Carthaginians as a port on route from Sardinia to Spain.  Ibiza fishing village founded.

654 B76 17-402, wikTpR 654/3 MWΦ 117

c.654

ENNA in central Sicily founded by Syracuse.

654 DGRG 1-828

c.654

ANDROS Island in Cyclades sends colonies to Acanthus and Stageira in Chalcidice.

654 DGRG 1-136

c.650

1st TRIREMES built by Corinthians.  200 men work 3 tiers of oars.  But biremes are still popular.

700 Dur 2-273     650 LS 38, TTT

c.650

THASOS Island in north Aegean, under Greeks of Paros Island in Cyclades from 680, colonized by more Parians .  Under them until 491.

650 CAH 3.3-162, GRG 326, OHG

c.650

SOLDERING invented by Glaucus of Chios, a maker of metal statues.

700-601 TTS, TTT 693 DGRBM     690 GHH

c.650

KOUROS statues first made on Delos.  Earliest extant examples are 2 life-size marble figures from the Ionic sanctuary.  Beardless males, in a formulaic advancing posture, usually nude.  A few early kouroi are belted around the waists.  This ends at the turn of the 6th century.

photo 550 Zde 675-25 wikKr

c.650

MALTA:  Phoenician colony of Malet from 800 ends.  Greek colony of Melite from 700 continues until 528.

650 rcSI

c.650	SEMONIDES, iambic and elegiac poet, leads colony of Samians to Amorgos Island in Cyclades.  .  Fragments of his poetry survive as quotations in other authors, the most extensive of which is a satiric account of different types of women.	693 GHH 7th cen wikSmA 650 CAH 3.3 630 OHG 113 no date: wikSmnd
	Not to be confused with Simonides of Ceos

c.649

HIMERA, Sicily founded by Chalcidian Greeks of Zancle under Theron, helped by the Myletidae clan exiled from Syracuse.

649 CAH 3-768, CDCC 426, OCD 515 648 B76 8-331, CAH 3.3-161, 7.2, DGRBM, DGRG 1-1065, Dur 2-66, GRG 325, GHH, OCD 264

648 Apr. 6

SOLAR ECLIPSE, recorded by Archilochos, lyric poet of either Thasos or Paros.  "Zeus, the father of the Olympic Gods, turned mid-day into night, hiding the light of the dazzling Sun; and sore fear came upon men... Nothing can be surprising any more or impossible or miraculous, now that Zeus, father of the Olympians has made night out of noonday, hiding the bright sunlight, and . . . fear has come upon mankind.  After this, men can believe anything, expect anything.  Do not any of you be surprised in future if land beasts change places with dolphins and go to live in their salty pastures, and get to like the sounding waves of the sea more than the land, while dolphins prefer the mountains."

648 Apr 4 MCAW 73 648 Apr 6 OCD 98, 688, hbar, nasaS

c.648

SELINUS on southwest coast of Sicily founded by Greeks of Megara Hyblaea.  Lasts until 409.

651 Dur 2-171     648 CAH 3-768 651 or 628 B76 IX-44 628 CAH 3.3-162, 7.2, GRG 247, OCD 264

c.643

CASMENAE, 12km northwest of Acrae Sicily founded by Greeks of Syracuse.

644 GHH     643 B76 8-331, CAH 3.3-160, DGRG 1-558, GHH

c.640

PISANDER of Camirus in Rhodes, epic poet, flourishes.  Author of a  Heracleia  in which Heracles' traditional armor is replaced by a lion skin and club - which soon becomes his official costume.  He supposedly fixed the number of Heracles' labors at 12.

640 GHH, wikPs

c.640

COLAEUS of Samos:  voyage to Tartessos, Spain until 638.

650 OCD 1039     640 CAH 3.3, GRG 324     638 OCD 949

c.630

MINYAE tribe of Thera Island in Cyclades, vexed by their Dorian neighbors, sail away, some to mainland Greece, some under Battos, on advice of the Delphic oracle, sail south to Africa.

640 DGRBM 1-476 630 ISBE 1-844, MCAW 72

c.630

TEMPLE of ARTEMIS on Samos Island built by Theodoros of Samos.

630 CDGRA 85

c.627

LIPARA Island north of Sicily colonized.

627 GHH

c.626

ARISTOXENOS of Selinus flourishes.  1st poet to write in anapaestic meters.

662 GHH     626 GHH no date: DGRBM

c.620

SAMOS Island in east Aegean comes under tyrant Demoteles until 590, comes under aristocrats until 522.

620 rcAg

c.620

TEGULAE (roofing tiles) of baked clay introduced by Byzes of Naxos Island in Cyclades.

620 DGRA 1098

c.611

MELANCHROS, tyrant of Lesbos, defeated and killed by Pittacos, allied with Mytilene, with brothers Cicis and Antimenidas.

612/11 B76 VIII-11 611 DGRBM 1-95

lcr

c.610

LAWS of CHARONDAS at Catana, Sicily.

610 Dur 2-66 6th cen OCD 228

c.608

LEONTINI Sicily, oligarchy from ?, under tyranny until ?, PANTAENIUS becomes tyrant.

608 DGRG 2-158

c.600

ATHENS-LESBOS WAR over Sigeum Peninsula on the Anatolian side of Dardanelles Strait begins until 590.  Mytilene commander Pittacos kills Athenian commander Phrynon in battle.

606 DGRBM 1-95, 3-191 600 CAH 3.3-162, 4-32, LEWH 65, MCAW 78

c.600

Phocaean fleet defeats Etruscan/Carthaginian fleet.

600 CAH 7.2

c.600

Naxos Island in Cyclades begins coining silver.

600 CDCC 610

c.600

War:  Chios Island and Miletus Ionia vs. Erythrae city on the coast of Ionia.

600 CAH 4-95

c.600

SAPPHO and ALCAEOS, lyric poets of Mytilene, Lesbos, flourish.

630-580 bk     610-575 OHG 600 Dur 2-66, GHH, MCAW 81 590 GRG 324

c.600

COINS minted in small quantity on Siphnos island.

600 wikSf

c.600

Rock-cut tombs at Tamassos Cyprus.  Pillars show Phoenician influence.  Some graves contain remains of horses and chariots.

600 wikHC

c.599

CAMARINA, Sicily founded by Greeks of Syracuse under Dascon and Meriecolus.  Lasts until 553.

599 DGRBM, DGRG 1-486, GHH, MCAW 78, OCD 198 598 B76 8-331, CAH 3.3-160, 7.2

c.591

SAPPHO, poetess of Lesbos, banished again by Pittacos.  This time she goes to Sicily until 586.  She marries a rich merchant of Andros and has a daughter.

591 Dur 2-153

c.590

ATHENS-LESBOS WAR over Sigeum Peninsula from 600, ends.  Sigeum is awarded by arbitration of Periander of Corinth to Athens.

590 HAG 76, LEWH 65

c.590

Demoteles tyrant of Samos Island from 620, ends.  Syloson-I succeeds until 560.

590 rcAg

c.586

SAPPHO, poetess of Lesbos, on Sicily from 591, husband dies, returns with dau to Lesbos.

586 Dur 2-153

c.586

SAPPHO, poet/priestess of Lesbos, heads a female cult honoring Aphrodite and the musses.  Includes homosexual activity.

590 TTPC no date: OCD 950

c.585

MYTILENE (Mitylene) Lesbos under the Penthilis family from 1050, under tyrant Melanchros from ?, has popular revolt led by PITTACOS, who becomes tyrant until 575.  Alcseus, his opponent is banished.

612 GHH     600 Dur 2-66 590 B76 VIII-11, 8-345, GRG 324     589 GHH     590-80 wikLs 589 DGRBM 1-95     570 bk

c.585

TEMPLE of HERA on Samos from 750, rebuiling begins until 560.

660 GRG 324 600-570 wikHS

c.585

Elymians (and Phoenicians?) repulse attempt by Penthalus to colonize Lilybaeum.  Survivors settle on Lipara island and attack Etruscan shipping.

580-70 CAH 7.2

c.585

Sculptor ARISTOCLES of Cydonia flourishes.  He is called a Cydonian and a Sicyonian, probably because he was born at Cydonia and practiced in Sicyon.  He has a grandson, also a sculptor, called Aristocles of Sicyon.

600-568 wikArs

c.580

ACRAGAS, Sicily (later Agrigentum) founded by Greeks of Gela Sicily.  Aristocratic Republic until 570, under Greeks until 280.

582 DGRBM, DGRG 1-984, GHH     582-80 wikAgrig     581 B76 I-146     581-73 rcSI     580 B76 8-331, CAH 3.3-160, 4, 7.2, Dur 2-66, LEWH 62, MCAW 84, OCD 6, 264, lvG, lvS

c.580

SICILY:  PENTATHLUS of Knidos leads Dorian party from Knidos and Rhodes to settle Lilybaeum, Sicily.  They are driven out by Phoenicians & Segestans.  They finally settle in LIPARI Islands 25 miles northeast of Sicily and become pirates.

580 B76 8-331, 346, CAH 4-99, 354, Dur 2-171, LEWH 67, MCAW 84, OCD 610

c.580

Some Greek settlements in Sicily, such as Syracuse, try to drive the Phoenicians from Motya and Panormus.  The Carthaginians fear that if the Greeks win the whole of Sicily they will next move on to Sardinia and beyond, isolating the Phoenicians in North Africa.

580 hifiC

c.580

A Phoenician fortress is built at Monte Sirai in Sardinia.  Oldest Phoenician military building in the west.

580 hifiC

c.580

ALCAEOS, Greek lyric poet of Mytilene, Lesbos, dies.

580 B76 I-206

c.580	MARBLE:  Pliny estimates that works in marble were made by Malas in Chios at the start of the Olympiads.	H.N. xxxvi-4.2 580 DGRA 1061
c.578	LIPARA founded in AEOLIC Islands 25 miles northeast of Sicily by Greeks from Knidos and Rhodes.	579 GHH     580-76 OCD 15

c.576

PHOCAEA Ionia becomes dominant in Aegean.

576 GHH

plan Bjs

Allie_Caulfield

c.575

Temple of Apollo at Syracuse built.  Base is 55.36 x 21.47m.  The most ancient Doric temple in Sicily, and possibly first model of a temple surrounded by a peripteros of stone columns, that will become the Greek standard.  It will have many restorations; so there is no way to know how ancient the extant ruins are.

599-90 wikTAS 575 GRG 325 500 ISBE 4-686

c.575

PITTACOS, tyrant of Mytilene, Lesbos from 585 resigns.

580 B76 VIII-11, 8-345, OCD 35 579 DGRBM 1-95, GHH 570 B76 VI-164, OCD 837

c.574

Pharaoh APRIES begins series of campaigns into Cyprus and Phoenicia until 570.

574 Shaw 373

c.570

PHALARIS siezes Acragas and becomes tyrant until 554.  Ruthless expansionist. ACRAGAS, aristocratic republic from 580, under tyranny until 510.

573 rcSI     571 CAH 3.3     570 B76 I-146, DGRBM, DGRG 1-75, Dur 2-172, GRG 325, GHH, LEWH 67, MCAW 86 568 DGRA 1182

c.570

AESOP of Samos flourishes.  Originally a slave, granted freedom.

580 Dur 2-66     570 DGRBM 1-46     560 Dur 2-710

c.570

SALAMIS Island in Saronikos Gulf, disputed by Athens and Megara, taken by Athens and under it until 350.  This secures the bay and promotes trade with Corinth.

600-560 B76 8-345 573 rcAg     570 MCAW 86 565 LEWH 66, TTPC

c.569

PITTACOS dies.  Former tyrant of Mytilene, Lesbos 585-75, age over 70.

570 B76 VIII-10     569 DGRBM 3-379

c.568

SIROMAS becomes king of Salamis Cyprus until 522

568 wikAGhC

c.565

ALALIA, on east coast of Corsica colonized by Greeks of Phocis.

565 CAH 3.3-160, GRG 177, 324, Hag 92 565-60 CAH 7.2     564 DGRBM, DGRG 1-94, 690, GHH     560 B76 8-331, 346, MWΦ 233

c.565

CYPRUS, independent from 669, conquered by AHMOSE-II.  Under Egypt until 545.  Governed by EUELTHON of Salamis until 525.

570 cpnt, wikCyp, wikHC soon after 570 OCD 306 560 B76 5-406, cpnt, resh

c.560

STESICHORUS, poet of Himera, Sicily flourishes.

612 GHH     600 MWΦ 231 560 OHG     no date: OCD 1012

c.560

COMEDY introduced in Sicily.  Susarion of Megara produces short rough satyric plays.   (See comedy 487)

560 Dur 2-231

c.560

TEMPLE of HERA on Samos, under reconstruction from 585, finished.  Stands until 550.   See Olympia.

660 GRG 324 600-570 wikHS 560 OCD 949

c.560

SYLOSON-I tyrant of Samos Island from 590, ends.  AEAKES-I succeeds until 540.

560 rcAg

c.554

PHALARIS tyrant of Acragas from 570, overthrown by popular uprising led by Telemachus.  Dies.  TELEMACHUS succeeds until 550.

554 B76 I-146, VII-924, Dur 2-66, LEWH 67, MCAW 86-9, rcSI 554-49 GRG 325, OCD 809 549 DGRBM, GHH

c.553

CAMARINA Sicily, founded 599 by Greeks of Syracuse, rebels and is now destroyed by Syracuse.  Desolate until 495.

553 GHH, OCD 198 552/1 B76 8-331, DGRG 1-486 550 CAH 3.3

c.550

MALCHUS general of Carthage, campaigns successfully in Sicily, subjugates part of Sicily.

550 LEWH 67, MWΦ 118

c.550

TELEMACHUS tyrant of Acragas from 554, ends.  THERON-I succeeds until ?.

550 rcSI

c.550

MALCHUS general of Carthage, goes from Sicily to Sardinia, severely defeated by locals, returns to Carthage.

550 CAH 7.2, MWΦ 118

c.550

TEMPLE of HERA on Samos, finished 560, destroyed by earthquake or dismantled because of marshy ground and poor foundation.

550 wikHS

c.550

Temple of HERA at Samos begun again 40m west of the first, this time by sculptor Rhoecos on order of Polycrates.  This temple is larger - 55.2m x 108.6m.  It will never be completed.

575 DGRBM 1-693, SHT 2-401 560 OCD 949 500 wikHS

c.550

TUNNEL begun under Mt. Castro on Samos.  Commissioned by Polycrates to bring water to the city.  Architect: Eupalinos of Megara.  Finished 520.

550 wikEup

c.550

CYTHERA Island, under Argos from ?, taken by Sparta until 424.  Receives a Spartan garrison and governor, comes under Sparta until 424.

550 OCD 308 546 rcAg

c.550

Sculptor ARCHERMOS of Chios flourishes.  A son and father of sculptors.  1st to represent Nike and Eros with wings.

mid 6th wikArc

c.550

Sculptor RHOECOS of Samos flourishes.  He and his son Theodoros are noted for their bronze works.

6th cen wikRh

c.550

PHERECYDES, prose writer of Syros Island in Cyclades, flourishes.  Writes about the beginning of the world (cosmogony).  Teacher of Pythagoras. 1st to teach immortality of souls according to Cicero & Augustine.

550 B76 10-1090, KPHP 6, OCD 812 544 GHH

c.550

Terracotta model of a CARGO SHIP from Amathos Cyprus.  It had the usual mast and sail.  The rear turrets are for protection against pirates.

6th cen. CGS 576

c.550

Kouros of Samos, a marble statue.  Many Kouros statues are made in the 500s.

photo Adam Carr 6th cen. wikKoS

c.546

ANTIKYTHIRA Island (between Kythera and Crete), Mycenean and Dorian settlements from 1200 end.

546 rcAg

c.546

KYTHERA Island (south of Peloponnese), comes under Sparta until 424.

546 rcAg

c.545

CYPRUS, under Egypt from 565, partly conquered by Persians until 526/5.

546 CAH 3.3 545 cpnt, wikHC

c.545

XENOPHANES of Colophon, Ionia, exiled from 545, moves to Zancle and Catana in Sicily until 530.

545 GRG 326 no date: B76 X-780

c.543

METAL CASTING improved by Rhoecus of Samos.

543 GHH

c.540

Carthage, allied with Etruscan cities, backs Phoenicians of Corsica and excludes the Greeks from contact with colonies such as Gadir in Spain.

540 hifiC

c.540

Phocaeans of Corsica begin war with Carthaginians and Etruscans over trading rights in West Mediterranean until 535.

540 B76 9-1081, GRG 177, 324, OHG, RW

c.540

Bros, Polycrates, Pantagnostus, and Syloson, stage a coup on SAMOS.  Tyrant of Samos Island from 560, AEAKES-I overthrown.  POLYCRATES succeeds until 522.  Defies Persia, rebuilds temple of Hera, allies with Egypt, builds up fleet of 100 ships.

550 CDCC 780     540 GRG 324, MCAW 92, lvG     538 rcAg 535 B76 VIII-95, 8-347, Dur 2-66, OHG     532 DGRBM 2-860, GHH, bk

c.539

PYTHAGORAS, mystic, mathematician, devotee of Apollo, flourishes at Samos Island.

539 GHH

c.539

Phoenicians fleeing from Persians emigrate to the colonies, especially Carthage.

539 hifiC

c.536

NAXOS Island in Cyclades comes under tyrant Lygdamis until 524.

540 DGRBM 2-860 536 rcAg

c.535

War of Phocaeans against Carthaginians and Etruscans from 540 ends with sea battle of ALALIA Corsica.  Phocaeans defeat a fleet twice their size, but suffer such losses that the survivors leave and become pirates.  They resettle at Elea, Etruria.  Etruscans stone their Phocaean P.O.W.s.

540 B76 17-402, CAH 3.3, 7.2-48     538 DGRG 1-861 535 B76 8-331, CAH 4-117, Dur 2-169, 3-7, GRG 177, 324, MCAW 92, MWΦ 118, OCD 208, RAH 213

c.535

CORSICA, under Phocaeans from 565, comes under Etruscans until ?.

535 CAH 7.2, OCD 923

c.535

CARTHAGE controls western Mediterranean.  Greeks are shut out.

540 OHG     535 MCAW 93, MWΦ 118, OCD 208

c.535

Greeks of SPAIN from 620, forced out by Carthaginian control of trade.

535 MCAW 93

c.535

POLYCRATES tyrant of Samos 540-22 turns pirate, with strongest fleet in Aegean.

535 B76 8-347

c.534

IOS Island in Cyclades begins paying tribute to Athens.

534 wikIos

c.531

ANACREON, poet/musician of Teos, visits court of Polycrates of Samos.

531 GHH

c.531

PYTHAGORAS, mystic, mathematician, devotee of Apollo, leaves Samos Island, goes to Croton, Italy.

532 B76 VIII-326     531 BNTH 51, GRG 324, 326, OCD 903, bk     530 CAH 7.2 post-530 B76 8-346     529 Dur 2-66,142 525 B76 15-322     522 RAH 167

c.530

Greek poet XENOPHANES of Colophon, in Sicily from 545, wanders Mediterranean until 520.

no date: B76 X-780

c.530

Greek ALCMAEON son of Peirithous leaves home on Samos Island for Croton Italy, where he becomes a famous physician until death 490.

530 sepAlc

c.530

TUNNEL of Eupalinos on Samos, begun 550, to bring water from an inland spring to the city.  Finished.  1,036 meters long.  Still exists.

photo Zach Marshall 530 wikEup

c.530

CYPRUS:  City-states begin to strike their own COINS using Persian weight system.   (See Greece 600, China 520, Darius-I 510, Etruscan 470)

6th cen.: xchng 560-25 anst 500 hCyp

c.529

SAMOS becomes dominant in the Aegean.

529 GHH

c.529/8

ARCHESILAUS-III king of Cyrene 530-15, driven from Cyrene.  His mom Pheretima flees to court of Evelthon, king of Salamis Cyprus, and presses for an army to restore Archesilaus.

post-529/8 DGRBM 2-83

c.528

MALTA:  Greek colony of MELITE from 700 ends.  Malta under Carthage until 218.

528 rcSI

c.527

LESBOS V Island comes under Persia until ?.

527 B76 VI-164, rcAg 517 CAH 4

c.526/5

CYPRUS, partly conquered by Persians from 545, part under EUELTHON of Salamis from 560, taken by CAMBYSES-II king of Medo-Persia 529-22.  Mostly under Persia until 478..

526 wikCyp, wikHC     525 B76 5-406, ISBE 1-843, OCD 306, cpnt, wikCyp, wikHC

c.525

COINS introduced in Sicily.

530-20 CAH 4

c.525

Sculptors ARISTOCLES & CANACHOS of Sicyon, grandsons of Aristocles of Cydonia (585) flourish.  Found a school of sculpture at Sicyon.  They are teachers of Synoon.

540-08 wikArs

c.525

Sculptor / architect THEODOROS of Samos flourishes.  Along with Rhoecos, he is often credited with inventing ore smelting, improving the mixing copper and tin to make bronze, and according to Pausanias, the craft of casting.  He is credited with inventing a water level, a carpenter's square, and, according to Pliny, a lock and key and the turning lathe.  According to Vitruvius, Theodoros is the architect of the Doric Order Heraion of Samos temple.

6th cen wikθS 530-21 TTS no date: wikThdr

c.525

POLYCRATES tyrant of Samos 540-22, pirate 535-22, possibly ordered by Cambyses-II, sends 40 triremes to help Cambyses invade Egypt, but mans them with men who hate Polycrates just to get rid of them.  Those men, having no reason to serve Cambyses, desert, and sail to Greece. They inspire Spartans and Corinthians to help them recover Samos from Polycrates.  Their combined fleet besieges Samos 40 days and withdraws.  This is 1st definite reference to use of triremes in combat.

525 B76 8-347-8, CAH 4, DGRBM 3-459, MCAW 96, wikTr 524 CAH 4-75

c.525

In response to Samian exiles, Spartans and Corinthians send a fleet to overthrow POLYCRATES of Samos.

525 B76 8-348, GHH, bk     524 ISBE 2-563 523 CAH 4

c.525

After the fall of Egypt in 525, Polycrates has no more financial support.  Samian rebels, assisted by Spartans and Corinthians, besiege Samos 40 days and withdraw.

525 B76 8-348, lvG

c.525

Spartan ARCHIAS killed in battle at siege of Samos.

525 DGRBM 1-265

c.525

CYPRUS:  EARLY IRON AGE ends.  Began 1050. Archaic Period ends.  Began 700.

525 wikHC

c.524

Pirates of Samos land on Siphnos island and extract 100 talents from the inhabitants.

524 Dur 2-133

c.524

LYGDAMIS, tyrant of Naxos Island in Cyclades from 536, deposed.  NAXOS island comes under oligarchy until 504.

525 or 515 CAH 3.3 524 rcAg

c.522

Homeric Hymn to Apollo  compsed.  Attributed Cynaethus of Chios for performance at the unusual double festival held by Polycrates of Samos to honor Apollo of Delos and of Delphi.

522 wikHH

c.522

OROETES, Persian satrap of Lydia at Sardis, sends message to Polycrates, pirate/tyrant of Samos.  Says he plans to rebel against Cambyses-II, offers money for naval support.

522 CAH 4-91

c.522

POLYCRATES dies.  Tyrant of Samos from 540, accepts invitation of Oroetes, satrap of Sardis, to a conference on mainland.  He leaves Menandrius (Maeandrios) in charge of Samos, sails to Ionia, and is crucified by Oroetes. MENANDRIUS rules Samos until 517, with Syloson II, Phoibias, and Charilaos.  SAMOS, under aristocrats from 620, comes loosely under Persia until 494.

524/3 CAH 3.3 522 B76 VIII-95, 8-347, CAH 4, CDCC 780, DGRBM 2-890, 3-459, GHH, GRG 324, MCAW 96, OCD 327, bk, rcAg 515 Dur 2-66

c.522

MENANDRIUS, honcho of Samos 522-17, plans to distribute wealth of Polycrates equally among the Samians, finds it too dangerous, drops the plan.

522 CAH 4-92

c.522

AQUEDUCT built by engineer Eupalinus on Samos Island.

522 TTT

c.522

EVELTHON, king of Salamis Cyprus from 568 ends.  SIROMAS succeeds until 511

522 wikAGhC

c.520

Greeks of Aegina Island attack Samians on Crete.

520 OCD 12

c.520

Cypriot city-kings initiate coinage.

520 GRG 325     500 wikCyp

c.520

VOUNI Cyprus built as a royal residence on a hill overlooking the Morphou Bay until destroyed 380.  Contains royal audience chambers, open courtyards, bathhouses, and stores.

520 wikCyp

c.519

Pirates of Cydonia Crete defeated by fleet from Aegina.

519 bk

c.519

Pithagoras tyrant of Selinus Sicily from ?, overthrown with help of Euryleon of Sparta.

519 DGRBM 3-174,

c.519

LYGDAMIS, tyrant of Naxos Island in Cyclades, ally of Pisistratos of Athens, overthrown.  Sparta implicated.

519 CAH 4-79

c.517	SIMONIDES, poet of Ceos Island in Cyclades flourishes.	517 Dur 2-66 520-468 OHG
	Not to be confused with Semonides of Amorgos

c.517

SAMOS Island, under weak Persian vassal Menandrius from 522, conquered by general Otanes, remains loosely under Persia until 494.  SYLOSON, bro of Polycrates, put in charge until ?.  Menandrius escapes to Sparta

521 GHH 517 CAH 4, lvOt no date: DGRBM 2-890

c.517

CHIOS Island comes under Persia until 499.

546 rcAg     517 CAH 4

c.513

SAMOTHRACE Island in north Aegean, under Aeolian Greeks from 700, comes under Persia until 478/7.

513 rcAg

c.513

Lacedaemonians are dominant in the Aegean.

513 GHH

c.512

LEMNOS island in northeast Aegean, comes under Persia until 477.

512 rcAg

c.511

SIROMAS, king of Salamis Cyprus from 522 ends.  CHERSIS EVELTHONIDES succeeds until 500

511 wikAGhC

c.511/10

SYBARIS Sicily destroyed.

510-10 CAH 4

c.510

DOREIUS, half bro of Cleomenes of Sparta, leads 1,000 men to settle foot of Mt. Eryx, west Sicily, founds HERACLEIA MINOA, forms anti-Punic alliance with Selinute, Himera, and the Sicanians.  All but one of them are killed by forces of Carthage, Segesta, Phoenicians of Sicily.

510 B76 8-346, CAH 3.3, 7.2-525, DGRBM 1-1066, DGRG 1-1048, MCAW 102, MWΦ 196, lvG     510/9 CAH 4

c.510

PYTHAGORAS tyrant of Acragas from ?, ends.  ACRAGAS, tyranny from 570, becomes aristocratic republic until 488.

510 rcSI

c.510

LEMNOS Island taken by Miltiades, now working for Persia, comes under Persia until 477.

512 rcAg 510-00 CAH 7.2 504 GHH

c.510

IOS Island in Cyclades comes under Persia until 480.

510 rcAg

c.509

150 years of Phoenician exploitation of Sardinia result in an uprising by the Sardi.  They attack Phoenician settlements, forcing the colonists to call on Carthage for help.  A military force arrives which quells the uprising and secures most of Sardinia under Carthaginian control.

509 hifiC

c.508

Aegina Island is dominant in the Aegean.

508 GHH

c.508

Carthage / ROME  1st treaty V:  Rome to stay out of Sardinia, west Mediterranean, and Africa, except in maritime emergencies.  Carthage to stay out of Latium.

510 MWΦ 233     509 mxfld 508 B76 13-149, Dur 3-43, GHH, LEWH 83, MWΦ 208, OCD 208 506 OCD 703

c.508/7

EURYLEON at Minoa and Selinus.

508/7 CAH 4

c.506

MEGABYZOS, Persian commander in Aegean, recalled.  OTANES son of Sisamnes succeeds until ?.

506 DGRBM 3-65

c.505

GELA Sicily, under democracy from 688, under Rhodians and Cretans.  Overthrown by mercenaries of Cleandros.  CLEANDROS is tyrant until 498.  Under tyrants until 466.

505 CAH 4, DGRG 1-984, GHH, rcSI     500 OHG

c.504

CYNAETHUS of Chios is 1st to recite HOMER at Syracuse.

504 OCD 305

c.504

NAXOS Island in Cyclades, under oligarchy from 524, no longer under oligarchy.

504 rcAg

c.502

Eretria Euboea is dominant in the Aegean.

502 GHH

West Medit. 500-301       East Medit. 500-301
 V           V