| c.600 | APOLLONIA, Illyria, founded by Corinthians & Corcyrans under Periander (200 settlers). | 600 B76 I-448, CAH 3.3-160, OCD 83, 588 |
| c.600 | CORCYRA, under Corinthians 734-585, but hostile to overlord from 664, subdued by PERIANDER tyrant of Corinth 625-585 until his death. | 600 B76 III-149 |
| c.600 | PERINTHOS in Thrace west of Byzantium, founded by Greeks of Samos Island. | 602 CAH 3.3-162, GRG 106, 151 601 OCD 949 600 B76 VII-877, OCD 801 599 Dur 2-66, GRG |
 |
| c.600 | CHALCIDICE, inhabited by Chalcidians from 720, colonized by Greeks of Eretria at DIKAIA and NEAPOLIS. Corinthians found POTIDAEA on its west promontory called Pallene. | 600 OCD 225 |
| c.600 | PERIANDER, tyrant of Corinth from 625-585, builds a road across the isthmus to drag ships across. A canal would have been too expensive. | 600 TTT |
| c.600 | CRITIAS becomes eponymous archon of Athens until 599. | 600 rcSB3 |
| c.600 | SILVER MINES of Laurion near Athens begun by Athenians until 100CE. Extracts mostly galena (lead sulfide) producing 60 oz. silver per ton. | 600 SHT 2-1 |
| c.600 | SALAMIS Island in Saronic Gulf south of Athens, occupied by Megarans until 596. | 600 OCD 945 |
| c.600 | MYRON tyrant of Sicyon in Peloponnese from 648, ends. CLEISTHENES succeeds until 570. | 600 B76 8-336, CAH 3.3, Dur 2-66, OCD 249, OHG, RAH 150 |
| c.600 | Son of Anaxilas, LEOTYCHIDAS dies. 11th Eurypontid king of Sparta from 625 (with Eurycratidas from 615). Son HIPPOCRATIDES succeeds to 575. | 600 OCD 1007 |
| Archidamos dies, Agasicles succeeds. | MRDK, wikKS |
| c.600 | ATHENS-LESBOS WAR over Sigeum Peninsula on the Anatolian side of Dardanelles Strait begins until 590. Mytilene commander Pittacos kills Athenian commander Phrynon in battle, but Athenians win the war. | 606 DGRBM 1-95, 3-191 600 CAH 3.3-162, 4-32, LEWH 65, MCAW 78 |
| c.600 | SKIAS, a theater for musical performance, built at Sparta by architect Theodoros of Samos. | 600 CDGRA 627 |
 Temple of Hera plan pub dom |
 Temple of Hera ruins Matej Batha |
| c.600 | Temple of HERA, still extant at Olympia from 1000, built on top of an earlier Hera temple. Measures 50.01m x 18.76m at the platform. It is longer and narrower than the common architecture of the previous era, though the elongated proportions are a common feature of early Doric architecture. It has a colonnaded perimeter of 6 x 16 doric columns which are originally wood because those are the materials available at the time. Survives until 4th cen. CE. See Samos. | 600 CAH 3.3, OHG 590 wikToH |
| c.600 | GREECE, culturally behind Greek cities of Ionia, now catches up in ATHENS, CORINTH, and SPARTA. Λ COINS V used. (See Cyprus 530, China 520, Darius-I 510) |
680 LEWH 62 625 TTPC, bk 600 PW 16, TAWH 17 |
| c.600 | 
Greek CUIRASS, with flared bottom, and designs suggesting the later muscle cuirass. |
photo GNU FDL 620-580 wikMC |
| c. 600 | BUTADES of Sicyon (sometimes wrongly called Dibutades) flourishes. 1st Greek modeller in clay: LEGEND: His daughter, Kora (aka Callirhoe), in love with a boy at Corinth where they live, drew on a wall the outline of his shadow. On this outline her father models a face of the boy in clay, and bakes it along with clay tiles which it was his trade to make. This incident led Butades to ornament the ends of roof-tiles with human faces, a practice which is attested by existing examples. The original model is preserved until Lucius Mummius sacks Corinth. | 600 B76 II-403, wikBt |
| c.600 | GREECE: Period of Oriental influence from 725 ends. | 600 B76 19-286 |
| c.600 | POTTER'S WHEEL, in Greece from 1950, enlarged so that it acts as a flywheel. | 600 TTT |
| c.600 | Greek KILNS improved. Includes multiple firings at various temperatures and with various masks. | 600 TTT |
| c.600 | GREEK POTTERY, until now dominated by Egyptian and Oriental style, breaks free with more realistic style. Painted black figures on red ground continue 700-530. It is traded in Etruria, east Mediterranean, and Black Sea. | early 6th cen.: GRG 27 550 Dur 2-219 |
| 620-590: Early Corinthian pottery | 625-600 wikBFP 620-590 colcl | |
 QTRS 625-00 amphora with real & mythic animals |
 Jastrow c.600 Eurytios Krater |
 pub dom 3 Corinthian aryballoi |
| c.600 | HARPIES (birds with women 's faces) appear on Attic vases. | 600 OCD 489, wikHarp |
| c. 600 | Homeric Hymn to Demeter written by an anonymous author, who appears to be acting within both epic and local - Eleusinian - traditions. It is usually 2nd of the 33 Homeric hymns. Persephone, dau of Zeus & Demeter, us kidnapped by Hades, and taken to the Underworld. Demeter searches the Earth for her, having many adventures. She teaches the secrets of agriculture to Triptolemus. She ends in Eleusis, and commands that a temple be built to her, and that they teach the world her secret to immortality. Demeter goes home to Zeus and demands that Persephone be found at once. Zeus sends Hermes to retrieve Persephone. Hermes finds Persephone as Hades' queen, and though conflicted about leaving Hades, she returns with Hermes. But because she had eaten in the underworld - pomegranite seeds - she must return to the underworld every autumn and return topside in spring. During Persephone's absence, Demeter looses all interest in her duties as Goddess of Agriculture. The original story is earlier, because Persephone is mentioned as a dreaded underworld force in the Iliad & Odyssey. | 650 wikEM 650-550 acad, mθcrt |
| c.600 | ARION of Lesbos, lyric poet and inventor of the Cyclian chorus, works in Corinth. Writes the 1st serious tragedies. | 625 GHH 600 B76 10-1091 |
| c.600 | At Sicyon it is customary to celebrate the sufferings of Dionysus with dithyrambs. | 600 DGRA 1141 |
| c.600 | TRAGEDY develops from the dithyramb - the choral cult song of Dionysus. | no date: B76 10-1091 |
| c.600 | 
Corinthian helmet: The Corinthians, despite their usual flair, have plain helmets. |
photo: OTRS 700-500 wikCH |
| c.599 | CRITIAS, eponymous archon of Athens from 600, ends. Successors unknown until 597. | 599 rcSB3, wikEA anarchy until 597 MCAW 82 |
| c.596 | CYPSELUS, eponymous archon of Athens from 597, ends. TELECLES succeeds until 595. | 596 wikEA |
| c.596 | Epimenides the Cretan comes to Athens. | 596 DGRBM, GHH |
| c.596 | SALAMIS Island, disputed by Athens and Megara from ?, awarded to Athens (thru efforts of Solon) by voluntary arbitration presided by Sparta, but not taken by Athens until 570. | 600 OHG 596 MCAW 78 |
| c.595 | PHOCIS (region between Lokris & Boeotia): Pilgrims to Delphi complain to delphic Oracle about tolls levied on them at the harbor town of CRISA on north bank of Corinthian Gulf. Oracle exhorts AMPHICTYONIC LEAGUE of Anthela to take action against Crisa. | 595 B76 8-346 |
| c.595 | TELECLES, eponymous archon of Athens from 596, ends. PHILOMBROTOS succeeds until 594. | 595 GHH |
| c.595 | SOLON, wealthy noble and merchant of Athens, urges Athens to protect the shrine of Apollo at Delphi. | 595 MCAW 78 |
| c.595 | 1st SACRED WAR begins until 583. AMPHICTYONIC LEAGUE declares war on Phocian town of Crisa (Cirrha). Results in siege of Crisa ending in 591/0. | 595 B76 8-346, CAH 3.3, CDCC 775, DGRG 1-707, Dur 2-66, GHH, GRG, ISBE 2-562, OHG, MCAW 79, wikFSW |
| c.595 | ALCMAEONID clan, dominant clan in Athens from 631, expelled, goes to Phocis until 594. | 595 GHH |
| c.595 | CLEISTHENES, tyrant of Sicyon in Peloponnese 600-570, helps Amphictyons against Crisa (Cirrha). | 595 DGRBM 1-783 |
| c. 594 | PHILOMBROTUS, eponymous archon of Athens from 595, ends. ATHENS, under 9 ARCHONS from 683: SOLON is appointed sole archon until 593, and given almost unlimited powers to mediate between factions. He establishes a timocracy ("government by the honorable", a euphemism for government by the rich), ignores the tradition of promising to maintain existing property rights, and declares that he will heal the evils of the state. | 594 B76 4-706, 8-341, BCoC 304, CAH 4-37, CDCC 832, CDGRA 65, 445, DGRBM 1-1072, 3-859, HAG, MCAW 78, OHG 28, RAH, SHWC 55, TTPC, bk, wikEA 594/3 OCD 999 594-91 GRG 47 |
| c.594 | BOULE (Council) created by Solon with 100 reps from each of the 4 Athenian tribes until 507. | 594 wikBl |
| c. 594 | Laws of Solon Abolishes harsh laws of Draco 621 except for homicide laws. Abolishes surfdom and enslavement of Athenians by Athenians. Voids all debts for which land or liberty is security. Forbids future loans based on same. Amnesty for fled debtors. Divides citizens into 4 census classes. Archons must be property owners. Forbids exporting Athenian agricultural produce. Encourages immigration of foreign craftsmen. | 594 B76 10-638, CAH 4-38, DGRBM, Dur 2-66, GHH, MCAW 81, OHG, TTPC 594/3 CAH 3.3, OCD 479, 999, GRG 47-51, lvG |
| c.594 | HOWEVER, before Solon made these spiffy laws, he let it leak out. So the rich borrowed money from the uninformed, and bought large estates, knowing that their debt would be cancelled. | 594/3 DGRBM 1-566 |
| c.594 | ADULTERY in SOLON's LAWS: Offended husband may deal as he likes with his wife. Adulterer may buy himself off. Husband must repudiate wife. | 594/3 OCD 11 |
| c.594 | SOLON's LAW forbiding exportation of Athenian agricultural produce causes non-Athenians to grow their own olive orchards, which soak up moisture, but don't hold soil together. Therefore soil errodes. | 594 TTPC |
| c.594 | ALCMAEONID clan, exiled to Phocis from 595, allowed to return to Athens until 594. | 594 wikAlc |
| c.593 | SOLON, sole archon of Athens from 594, begins travels until 571: Herodotus says he gave philosophical advice to Croesus of Lydia. DROPIDES becomes eponymous archon until 592. |
593 GHH, MCAW 78, wikEA |
| c.592 | EUCRATIDES becomes eponymous archon of Athens until 591. | 591 wikEA |
| c.592 | Scythian philosopher ANACHARSIS comes to Athens. Impresses Athenians as a forthright, outspoken "barbarian". Reputedly a proto-Cynic. None of his works survive. | 592 DGRBM, GHH |
| c.591 | PYTHIAN GAMES instituted at Delphi. | 591 GHH |
| c.591 | EUCRATIDES, eponymous archon of Athens from 592, ends: SIMON succeeds until 590. | 591 GHH, wikEA |
| c.591 | CLEISTHENES, tyrant of Sicyon in Peloponnese 600-570, builds fleet which blockades Crisa. | no date: B76 8-346, MCAW 79 |
| c.590 | SIMON, eponymous archon of Athens from 591, ends: Anarchy until 589. | 590 CAH 4-60, wikEA |
| c.590 | CRISA (Cirrha) besieged by the Amphictyons under Eurolychos from ?, falls, and is obliterated. | 591 DGRBM, GRG 127 591/0 B76 8-346, GHH 590 OCD 943 |
| c.590 | AMPHICTYONIC LEAGUE, primarily a religious alliance from 1100, now becomes primarily political. | 590 Dur 2-66 |
| c.590 | MUSIC contests instituted by Amphictyons at Pythian games. Flute player Sacadas of Argos is 1st winner. PYTHOCRITOS of Sicyon wins the next 6 festivals in a row. | 590 DGRBM 3-629, 691 |
| c.590 | ATHENS: No archon appointed. | 590 wikEA 590/89 GRG 54 |
| c.590 | Son of Anaxandros, EURYCRATIDAS dies. 12th Agiad king of Sparta from 615 (with Hippocratides from 600). Son LEON succeeds to 560. | 593 GHH 590 MRDK, OCD 1007, rcPl, wikKS |
| c.590 | ATHENS-LESBOS WAR over Sigeum peninsula in the Troad from 600, ends. Arbitrated by Periander of Corinth in favor of Athens. | 600 CAH 4-32, LEWH 65 590 HAG 76 |
| c.588 | DAMOPHON, son of Pantaleon, becomes king of Pisa in Elis. | 588 GHH |
| c.588 | 48th OLYMPIC GAMES: The Eleans, suspecting the fidelity of Damophon, son of Pantaleon, invade Pisa territory, but are persuaded by Damophon to return without further hostility. | 588 DGRG 1-818 |
| c.588 | PHORMION eponymous archon of Athens from 589, ends. PHILIPPOS succeeds until 587. | 588 wikEA |
| c.587 | PHILIPPOS eponymous archon of Athens from 588, ends: Successor unknown until 586. | 587 wikEA |
| c.586 | ODESSOS Thrace founded as a trading post by Greeks of Miletos. It quickly mixes with local Thracian tribes (Getae, Krobyzoi, Terizi). | 600-575 wikOd 592 GHH pre 550 wikOd |
| c.586 | CRISA (Cirrha) completely conquered by Amphictyons. | 586 DGRBM |
| c.586 | ATHENS: No archon appointed until 585, when the archon is unknown until 582. | 586 GRG 54, wikEA 585 CAH 4-60 |
| c.585 | 1st SACRED WAR from 595, ends. Crisa is destroyed by Amphictyonic League of Delphi. DELPHIC ORACLE grows in importance from management of League. | 590 CAH 3.3, CDCC 775 586 B76 8-346, DGRA 81, GHH, ISBE 2-562, OHG 585 DGRG 1-707, 761, wikFSW 583 GRG |
| c.585 | PERIANDER, tyrant of Corinth from 625, dies. Neph PSAMMETICHUS succeeds to 583. | 586 B76 VII-874 585 CAH 3.3-769, CDCC 914, DGRBM 3-191, ISBE 1-772, OCD 290, 800, OHG, rcPl 583 DGRG 1-676 550 RAH 150 |
| c.585 | CORCYRA, under Corinth from 734, under Periander of Corinth from 600, goes independent until 470?. | 600 B76 III-149 585 CAH IV-128 |
| c.583 | PSAMMETICHOS, tyrant of Corinth from 585, murdered during a riot. Cypselid tyranny of Corinth from 657 ends. Moderates rule until 550. | 584 HAG 78 583 CAH 3.3, OHG deposed 583 CDCC 914 582 ISBE 2-562, rcPl 581 DGRBM GHH, GRG, wikAC no date: DGRG 1-676 |
| c.582 | DAMASIOS becomes eponymous archon of Athens until 580. Attempts to establish tyranny until 579. | 586 GHH 582 CAH 4-60, MCAW 82, wikEA |
| c.582 | PYTHIAN GAMES (horse races and foot races) to honor Apollo at his temple at Delphi, held every 8 years from antiquity, are now increased by the Amphictyonic League to every 4 years, in 3rd year of each Olympiad. Cleisthenes of Sicyon wins chariot race. 582 is the 1st Pythiad. (See also Olympic, Isthmian, Nemean games.) | 586 DGRG 1-761, GHH 582 B76 VIII-327, 2-275, 8-346, Dur 2-216, MCAW 83, OCD 904, OHG, wikPG no date: OCD 323 |
| c.581 | ISTHMIAN GAMES begin at Corinth in honor of Poseidon. Held every other year. (See also Olympic, Pythian, Nemean games.) | 582 Dur 2-216 581 GRG, OCD 556, OHG 581/0 CAH 3.3 580 B76 8-347 |
| c.580 | AESOP writes his fables about animals. Aesop is legendarily a slave from Thrace, Phrygia, or Samos, but is more probably a name invented to author anonymous fables. Collected 320 |
6-500 B76 I-115 580 Dur 2-66 fl.560 Dur 2-710 dies 564 OCD 19 |
| c.580 | Temple of ARTEMIS at Corcyra. | 580 CAH 3.3, GRG 326, OHG |
| c.580 | Greek ARCHITECTURE, until now wood and limestone, MARBLE introduced, for decoration at first. | 580 Dur 2-224 |
| c.580 | 1st major temple of ATHENA at Athens. | 580 OHG |
| c.580 | DAMASIOS eponymous archon of Athens from 582, expelled during his 2nd term. Committee of 10 men serves jointly as archons until 578, when the archon is unknown until 577. | 582 wikEA 580 CAH 4-60 |
| c.580 | SPARTA comes into conflict with some Arcadian cities. Leads to war with city of TEGEA in 560. | 580 B76 8-340 |
| c.580 | EARLY ARCHAIC PERIOD from 750 ends. MIDDLE ARCHAIC begins until 535. |
580 wikArG |
| 600-570: Early Attic pottery | 600-5?? wikBFP | |
 Marcus Cyron 630-00 amphora by the Piraeus Painter |
 pub dom 620-10 Name vase by the Nessos Painter shows Heracles stabbing Nessos. |
 Marcus Cyron c.600 olpe by the Cerameicus Painter |
 Jastrow 585-70 Tripod exaleiptron by the KX Painter, shoulder: master of animals; legs: sirens & animals |
 Marcus Cyron 600-580 Name vase of the Gorgon Painter shows Perseus followed by Gorgons after murder of their sister Medusa |
 Marcus Cyron 590-70 black-figure amphora by Sophilos |
| 590-575: Middle Corinthian pottery | 600-575 wikBFP 590-575 colcl | |
 pub dom 580 Herakles with Pholos and other centaurs on a skyphos by the Pholoe Painter |
 {{PD-US}} Drawing of left |
 Jastrow 600-575 Amphoriskos with animals and siren |
| c.580 | Cretan sculptors Diopenos and Scyllis, pupils of Daedalos, accept commissions at Sicyon and Argos. They work in wood, ebony and ivory, and apparently also in marble, and make statues for Cleonae and Argos. Their immitators begin a school of sculpture in the Peloponnese. | 580 Dur 2-221 580 wikD&S |
| c.580 | SOPHILOS Attic potter & black-figure vase painter flourishes. Oldest Attic vase painter to be known by his true name. His works were exported all over the Mediterranean and as far as the Black Sea. | 590-70 wikSΦ |
| c.578 | COMEDY, in Megara from ?, introduced to Icaria by Susarion. | 578 DGRA 342 |
| c.577 | ARCHESTRATIDAS becomes eponymous archon of Athens until 576. | 577 GHH, wikEA |
| c.576 | AEROPOS-I ends. Argead king of Macedon from 602. Son ALCETAS-I succeeds until 547. | 576 GHH, rcSB2, wikArg, wikLKM 570 MRDK |
| c.576 | ARCHESTRATIDAS eponymous archon of Athens from 577, ends. Successors unknown until 570. | 576 wikEA |
| c.576 | MILTIADES the Younger in Chersonnese peninsula of Thrace. | 576 GRG |
| c.575 | Corinthian POTTERY begins decline in quality. | 575 B76 8-337 |
| c.575 | SOLON former archon of Athens 594-3: "Laws, like cobwebs, entangle the weak, but are broken by the strong." | 575 MNDQ 655 |
| c.575 | Son of Leotychidas, HIPPOCRATIDES dies. 12th Eurypontid king of Sparta from 600 (with Leon from 590). Son AGASICLES succeeds to 550. | 575 OCD 1007 Agasicles dies, Ariston succeeds: MRDK Archidamos dies, Agasicles succeeds: wikKS |
| c.573 | NEMEAN GAMES of mythic origin in honor of Nemean Zeus, sponsored by Cleonae Argolis until 460, become a pan-Hellenic festival held in the 1st and 3rd years of every Olympiad at sanctuary of Nemean Zeus. (See also Olympic, Pythian, Isthmian games.) | 576 B76 8-347, Dur 2-66 573 B76 VII-249, CAH 3.3, GRG, OCD 726, OHG, wikNG 566 GHH |
| c.572 | 52nd OLYMPIC GAMES: Pyrrhus, who had succeeded his bro Damophon as king of Pisa, invades Elis, assisted by the Dyspontii in the Pisatis, and by the Macistii and Scilluntii in Triphylia. OLYMPIC GAMES, under Pisa from 668, come under Elis until ?. | 580 B76 8-347, OCD 835 572 DGRG 1-818, GRG, MCAW 85 |
| c.571 | SOLON former archon of Athens 594-3, traveling from 593, returns. Promotes effort to win Salamis Island. | 580 CAH 4-61 571 MCAW 84 |
| c.571 | Many Dorian Greeks move to CYRENE at invitation of Greeks already there. | 571 Shaw 374 |
| c.570 | CLEISTHENES tyrant of Sicyon in Peloponnese from 600 ends. | 570 B76 8-336, OCD 249, OHG 560 RAH 150 |
| c.570 | SALAMIS Island technically under Athens from 596, taken by Athens. This secures the bay and promotes trade with Corinth. Salamis is not securely under Athens until 535. | 600-560 B76 8-345 570 MCAW 86 565 LEWH 66, TTPC |
| c.570 |  FRANCOISE VASE made in Athens and signed by potter Ergotimos and painter Kleitias, 1st known volute krater made of clay, exported to Etruria. Contains narrative showing gods, goddesses and creatures interacting with people, proportional bodies. Figure groups: sailors; soldiers; Achilles; Patroclus; Peleus; Theseus; Deities: Artemis; Dionysus; Hephaestus; Hermes; Thetis; Animals: boars; birds; horses; lions; mythical animals: centaurs; gorgons; minotaur; sphinxes; pygmies; weapons; chariots; ships |
photo: Sailko 570 B76 19-290, fofweb |
| c.569 | ARISTOMENES eponymous archon of Athens from 570, ends. Successors unknown until 566. | 569 wikEA |
| c.568 |  Mycenae (12km north of Argos) overthrown by Argives. |
568 GHH |
| c.568 | A school of statuary is opened at Athens by Dipaenos and Scyllos. | 568 GHH |
| c.566 | PANATHENEA festival established by Pisistratos in Athens on the supposed birthday of Athena. Held annually, and on greater scale every 4th year. Entries are mostly from Attica, but outsiders welcomed. | 566 DGRBM, Dur 2-212, GHH, OHG 566/5 CAH 3.3 no date: OCD 774 |
| c.566 | Poems of HOMER are collected and arranged by Pisistratos. Solon, former archon of Athens 594-3, commands that they be publicly recited. | 566 GHH |
| c.565 | Athenians under Pisistratos rout Megarans. This victory opens up a trade blockage that had causes food shortage in Athens. | 565 wikPs |
| c.565 | SICYON, in northeast Peloponese, comes under Achaean League mostly until 369. | 565 rcPl |
| c.565 | HIPPOCLEIDES, eponymous archon of Athens from 566, ends. Successors unknown until 561. | 565 wikEA |
| c.565 | PISISTRATOS, land owner, soldier, politician of hill country near Athens, in war against Megara, captures its harbor. | 565 B76 13-1110 OCD 836 |
| 570-60: Middle Attic pottery | no date: wikBFP | |
 Jastrow 600-575 Lekane by the Polos Painter with Sirens |
 Jastrow 575-50 Double-decker Siana cup, in Heidelberg Painter style showing boxers |
 Jastrow 575-550 Amphora by the Castellani Painter, Theseus killing the Minotaur |
 Bibi Saint-Pol 575-50 Siana cup by the Heidelberg Painter, Bellerophon fighting the Chimera. Found in Rhodes |
 Bibi Saint-Pol 560 Siana cup by the C Painter. Abduction of Thetis. Peleus forces access to the burning altar where Nereids dance. |
 Marcus Cyron 560 Wine jug by painter Lydos. Heracles & Ares fight over corpse of Cycnus. |
| c.564 | Sculptor ENDOEOS (Endaeos, Endoios) flourishes in Athens, makes an image of Athena Alea for the temple of Athena in Tegea dedicated by Callias. | 564 wikEnd 562 GHH mid 6th wikEnd |
| c.563 | AEGINA island establishes a footing for its merchants at Naucratis Egypt. | 563 DGRG 1-33 |
| c.563 | PISISTRATOS stages an attempt on his own life, thereby persuading Athenians to grant him a bodyguard. | no date: wikPs |
| c.562 | COMEDY 1st performed in Athens by Susarion and Dolon. | 562 GHH |
| c.561 | PISISTRATOS siezes Acropolis at Athens, but soon ousted until 560. | 561 B76 I-208, 13-1110, CAH 3-769, 4-63, CDCC 102, Dur 2-66, LEWH 66, OCD 836, TTPC, bk, wikEA, wikPs 560 B76 8-342, DGRBM 2-857, GHH |
| c.561 | COMEAS, eponymous archon of Athens from 561, overthrown by PISISTRATOS, who becomes tyrant until deposed and driven out by archons Megacles and Lycurgos. Athenian DEMORACY from ? is suspended until 508. | 561 CAH 3.3-769, IV-63, Dur 2-66, HAG, GRG 56, LEWH 66, OCD 836, TTPC, rcSB3 |
| c.560 | MEGACLES, an archon of Athens, invites PISISTRATOS back to Athens, on condition that Pisistratos marry Megacles' dau, then secures return of Pisistratos. Dresses as Athena and brings Pisistratos in in a chariot. | 560 CAH 4-63, LEWH 66 556 wikPs |
| c.560 | PISISTRATOS siezes Acropolis again, becomes tyrant of Athens until 558, granted a bodyguard. | 561/0 CDCC 914, OCD 376 560 B76 4-707, 8-342-3, CAH 3.3, 4-63, DGRBM 3-171, MCAW 88, OCD 140, 664, OHG, RAH 559 bk |
| c.560 | 
PEDERASTY becomes fashionable in Athens with Pisistratos, evidenced by its depiction on vases from now until about 470. |
photo: Jastro 560 wikAP 550 aig |
| c.560 | HEGESTRATOS becomes eponymous archon of Athens until 559. | 560 GHH, wikEA |
| c.560 | Former archon of Athens 594-3, SOLON dies. | 560 B76 16-1045, GHH |
| c.560 | TEGEA defeated and conquered by SPARTA, but begins a war for freedom until 550. | 560 OHG, wikTg |
| c.560 | Sicyonian treasury at Delphi. | 560 OHG |
| c.560 | 
Kouros of Tenea (formerly Apollo of Tenea), a grave statue from a cemetery at Tenea south of Corinth. Many Kouros statues are made in the 500s, typically life-size, but early ones are up to 3m tall. Female counterpart of kouros is kore. |
photo Zde 560 wikKoT |
| c.560 | Son of Eurycratidas, LEON dies. 13th Agiad king of Sparta from 590 (with Agasicles from 575). Son ANAXANDRIDAS succeeds to 520. | 560 DGRBM 1-163, MRDK, OCD 1007, lvG, rcPl, wikKS |
| c.560 | 
Corinthian krater painting. The left figure shows the armband and grip on the inside of the traditional Greek hoplite shield called the hoplon, aspis, or Argive shield. If anyone can explain the armored upper body in juxtaposition to bare asses, please notify me. |
photo: pub dom 560 wikAMA |
| 575-550: Late Corinthian pottery | 575-50 colcl, wikBFP | |
 Jastrow 575-50 Depiction of a pottery kiln on a pinax, found in Penteskouphia |
pub dom 560 Tydeus and Ismene on an amphora by the Tydeus Painter |
 pub dom 575-50 Horsemen on an olpe by an associate of the Hippolyte Painter |
| 565-50: Tyrrhenian amphorae, a specific shape of Attic black-figure neck amphorae produced in immitation of Corinthian style for an Etruscan market. They are ovoid in shape and bear striking decorations. The handle usually has a lotus-palmette cross or vegetal tendrils. It always terminates in a red-painted ridge. The vase body is painted with several friezes. Painters: Castellani Painter, Goltyr Painter, Kyllenios Painter, Prometheus Painter, Fallow Deer Painter. | 565-50 wikTrA 550-30 wikBFP | |
 Bibi Saint-Pol c.560 Tyrrhenian amphora by the Fallow Deer Painter, showing hoplites |
 Daderot 565-50 neck amphora, Goltyr Painter, Amazonomachy, roosters, panthers, ram |
 BrokenSphere 570-60 Athenian terracotta neck amphora |
 Bibi Saint-Pol c.560 Tyrrhenian komos with komasts and hetaera in erotic positions |
 Marcus Cyron c.550 amphora, Prometheus Painter. Herakles fights Andromache, Telamon fights Ainipe. Iphis fights Panariste. |
 Bibi Saint-Pol c.560 neck-amphora, with Caledonian boar hunt. From South Etruria. |
| c.559 | HEGESTRATOS, eponymous archon of Athens from 560, ends. HEGESIAS succeeds until 558. | 559 wikEA |
| c.558 | HEGESIAS eponymous archon of Athens from 559, ends. Successor unknown until 556. | 558 wikEA |
| c.558 | PISISTRATOS, tyrant of Athens 560-56, marries dau of Megacles but refuses to bed her because he already has sons for heirs. With Megacles' help, he regains control of Athens. | 559 TTPC 558 CAH 4-63 |
| 557 May 19 | Λ SOLAR ECLIPSE at siege of Larisa recorded by Xenophon. "...A cloud, however, overspread the sun and hid it from sight until the inhabitants abandoned their city; and thus it was taken." | Anabasis 557 nasa |
| c.556 | CHILON, philosopher, becomes ephor of Sparta until 555. 1st to yoke the ephors alongside the kings. | 556 CAH 3.3, GHH, GRG, OCD 229, OHG 550 bk |
| c.556 | HEGESIAS resumes as eponymous archon of Athens until 555. | 556 wikEA |
| c.556 | Tyranny of SICYON from ?, ends. | 556 OHG 556/5 CAH 3.3 555 bk |
| c.556 | Wealthy classes of the coast and the plain unite against Pisistratos. | 556 Dur 2-120 |
| c.556 | PISISTRATOS, tyrant of Athens 560-56, loses support of Megacles. Expelled from Athens. | 556 B76 8-342, CAH 4-64, Dur 2-120, LEWH 66, OCD 836, OHG, bk, wikEA 554 DGRBM 2-857, GHH |
| c.555 | PISISTRATOS makes peace with the wealthy coastal faction and tries 2nd coup on Athens. He enters in a chariot driven by a tall woman dressed as Athena, while heralds announce that the goddess is restoring him. The populace actually buys it, but the coastal faction turns on him. He Leaves Attica until 546. Withdraws to a border area between Thrace and Macedonia, founds Rhaecelos on Thermaic Gulf. | 556 B76 13-1110, OCD 836, wikEA 555 GRG 56, HAG 75, wikEA 550 Dur 2-120 |
| c.555 | CHERSONESE peninsula, loosely under Thracians, secured for Athenian MILTIADES the Elder until 524 by negotiation of Pisistratos and Thracians. Comes under Miltiades family until 493. | 555 GRG 327, OCD 687-8 550 rcT, wikMil 551 or 56 CAH 3.3-160 |
| c.555 | Stesichoros Greek lyric poet dies. | 555 wikSt 556-53 B76 IX-563, 553 DGRBM, GHH |
| c.555 | LACONIAN VASE PAINTING (not the best in Greece) reaches best quality. | 560-55 B76 8-340 |
| c.555 | HEGESIAS, eponymous archon of Athens from 556, ends. EUTHYDEMOS succeeds until 554. | 556 GHH 555 wikEA |
| c.555 | Orthagorid dictatorship of Megara in Peloponese from 655 ends. | 555 GRG |
| c.554 | EUTHYDEMOS, eponymous archon of Athens from 555, ends. Successors unknown until 548. | 554 wikEA |
| c.550 | SCYTHIANS, in Europe from 750, appear in Balkans, keep coming until 500. | 550 B76 2-615 |
| c.550 | GREEK ALPHABET spreads to Thrace. | 600-500 vrb |
| c.550 | POTIDAEA, Chalcidice, a Corinthian colony from 609, first Λ COINS V struck. | 550 OCD 870 |
| c.550 | SUNDIAL introduced to Greece by Anaximander. (See Egypt 800, China 595) | 600-501 TToH 550 GHH 520-11 TTS |
| c.550 | Corinthian POTTERY declining in quality from 575, yields to competition from ATTIC pottery. Athenian pottery now dominates overseas trade. The finest Attic black-figure vases are made from 550 to 520. Exekias is the greatest painter, showing figures with expression and mood as well as action. | 550 B76 8-337, 14-899 |
| c.550 | CORINTH, under moderates from 583, becomes oligarchic republic until 392. | 550 rcPl |
| 560-40 Group E (E Group) a group of Attic black-figure vases, (or painters). Most are painted by the same painter. It is stylistically homogenous, and the ground from which the art of painter Exekias (540-30) will grow. E stands for Exekias. Main vase shape is the type-A belly amphora. The same are repeated: Herakles with the Nemean Lion or with Geryon, Theseus with the Minotaur. E group style becomes increasingly dominant during 2nd half of 6th cen. | 560-40 wikGE 550-25 wikBFP |
|
 Marie-Lan Nguyen c.540 amphora with Herakles fighting Geryon |
 Bibi Saint-Pol 550-25 belly amphora, Athena is born from the head of Zeus |
 Matthias Kabel 550 neck amphora, foot race with weapons, victory tripods are below the handles. |
| c.550 |  ASPIS (hoplon) SHIELD is used in Greece. A deep-dished round shield made primarily of wood, at least 0.91m diameter, weighed @7.3kg, @25-38mm thick. Some have a thin sheet of bronze on the outer face, often just around the rim. Earlier ones have a single strap grasped by the left hand and a broad belt passed round the left shoulder, so as to throw the weight on the body and thus relieve the arm. Later shields are generally smaller, and managed by 2 handles, the left hand being thrust thru the first so as to grip the second. 5th-4th century aspises are decorated by emblems usually chosen by the state. Sicyon used the sigma (Σ). The Spartan lambda (Λ), for Lacedaemon is most known. From late 5th cent., Athenian hoplites commonly used the owl. Shields of Theban hoplites sometimes used a sphinx, or the club of Heracles. The revolutionary part of the shield is the Argive grip. It placed the handle at the edge of the shield, and was supported by a leather forearm strap at the center. |
photo GNU FDL 550 wikAsp |
| c.550 | SPARTA-TEGEA WAR from 560 ends in stalemate. Sparta quits expansionist policy, and allies with Tegea until 471. | 560 LEWH 63 550 B76 8-340, OCD 1040, rcPl |
| c.550 | PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE unoficially begins as "the Lacedaemonians and their allies", a loose confederation under SPARTA. Operates until 421. Ends 365. | 550 anhi |
| c.550 | CYTHERA Island, under Argos from ?, taken by Sparta until 424. Receives a Spartan garrison and governor. | 550 OCD 308 |
| c.550 | Son of Hippocratides, AGASICLES dies. 13th Eurypontid king of Sparta from 575 (with Anaxandridas from 560). Son ARISTON succeeds to 515. | 550 OCD 1007, MRDK, lvG, rcPl, wikKS |
| c.550 | ORPHEOS: 1st known mention in a 2-word fragment of lyric poet Ibycos: onomaklyton Orphen "Orpheus famous-of-name". | 6th cen wikOrΦ |
| c.550 | Legend of ORPHEOS generates mystery cults supposed to transmit revelations that Orpheos himself brought back from Hades. | 6th cen wikPD |
590-540 SHIELD PATTERNS by Luke Sarson.
| c.550 |  SATYRS (part man, part horse) appear on black-figure pottery as male followers of Dionysus. They have horse ears and tail, and often hold a musical instrument or wine container. Flaunting a sometimes equine-size boner, they often make unwanted advances on females. Early representations sometimes include horse hind legs, but human legs are most common. The satyr chief is Silenus, a minor deity associated (like Hermes and Priapus) with fertility. |
Vase c.520: Marie-Lan Nguyen 6th cen. wikSt |
| c.550 | 
2nd Temple of Apollo at Corinth built on site of previous temple 650. 6 x 15 limestone Doric columns 3.506m high. Base 53.82m X 21.48m. Contains a bronze statue of Apollo. 7 of 42 columns remain. |
Creative Commons 560 amac 550 msgn 540 CAH 3.3, CDCC 69, jom, prs |
| c.550 | TOASTING: A host customarily drinks to the health of a guest to insure that the wine is not poisoned. | 600-500 EOET 91 |
| c.550 |  HERM (pl. hermae) appear in Greece. A herm is a quadrangular stone pillar, often tapering narrower at the base, usually placed outdoors, serving as a cult object, boundary marker, signpost, milestone, or memorial. A herm is topped with a person's head, usually male, often Hermes, sometimes part of a torso, but no or stunted arms. When male, the otherwise flat front often has genitalia, often erect. Few penises have survived. (see 415) Herodotus says the Athenians, who got the herm from the Pelasgians, spread use of it to the rest of Greece. |
left & center RichardMcCoy right pub dom 6th cen. about |
| c.548 | ERXICLEIDES becomes eponymous archon of Athens until 547. | 549 GHH 548 wikEA |
| c.548 | 4th Temple of APOLLO at Delphi accidentally destroyed by fire, many of its votive offerings perish or are damaged. Amphictyons decide to rebuild on a grander scale. They decree that ¼ of the expense should be borne by the Delphians, and the rest from other parts of the Hellenic world. 300 talents are required. The Alcmaeonidae contract for the work. They employ architect Spintharos of Corinth, and use Parian marble for the front of the temple in place of the coarse stone prescribed in the contract. Completed 512. | 584 SHT 1-262 548 B76 4-707, BHoE 591, CAH 4-80, DGRA 81, DGRBM 3-896, DGRG 1-762, Dur 2-226, GHH, HAG 77, MCAW 91, OCD 322, OHG, wikTAD 547 GHH |
| c.547 | ALCETAS ends. Argead king of Macedon from 576. Son AMYNTAS-I succeeds until 498. | 547 rcSB2, wikAlct,
wikArg 540 GHH, MRDK, wikAmnt, wikLKM |
| c.547 | ERXICLEIDES, eponymous archon of Athens from 548, ends. THESPIOS succeeds until 546. | 547 wikEA |
| c.547 | CROESUS king of Lydia 560-46 visits Delphic oracle. Asks if its a good idea to attack Cyrus of Medo-Persia. Response: "If you attack, you will destroy a mighty kingdom." | no date: lvA |
| c.547 | Spartans get permanent possession of Cynuria, an area on east coast of Peloponnese, by combat of 300 champions against Argos, in which Spartan Othryades earns immortal fame. | 547 DGRG 1-203, 726 |
| c.546 | THESPIOS, eponymous archon of Athens from 547, ends. PHORMION succeeds until 545, after which the successor is unknown until 536. | 546 wikEA |
| c.546 | Hundreds artists from Ionia migrate to Attica, introduce Ionic style to Athens. | 546 Dur 2-226 |
| c.546 | PISISTRATOS, former tyrant of Athens 560-56, banished again from Athens, goes to Eretreia on Euboea. | 547 GHH 546 B76 13-1110 |
| c.546 | PISISTRATOS, supported by Eretreia, Thrace, Thebes, Argos, and Lygdamis of Naxos, sails from Eretria, lands unopposed at Marathon, marches toward Athens, defeats Athenians at Pallene, becomes tyrant again until death 527. Athens is under tyrranies until 510. | 548 DGRBM 2-857, GHH 547 wikEA 546 B76 8-342-3, 348, CAH 4-65, CDCC 486, Dur 2-120, GRG 56, HAG 75, OCD 479, 836, 645, OHG, SHWC 56, bk, lvG, rcSB3 545 OCD 140 540 BCoC 305, MCAW 92 |
| c.546 | ALCMAEONIDS, richest clan in Athens (including Cleisthenes age 20), banished by Pisistratos, goes to Phocis until 527. | 596/5 DGRBM 1-106, 546 B76 4-707, wikHip |
| c.546 | Plain of THYREA, under Argos from 669, taken by Sparta until ?. They agree to settle it by a battle of 300 champions from each side. Only 2 Argives and 1 wounded Spartan survive the battle. The 2 Argives decide to let him live, and leave the field. The Spartan then puts up a trophy and claims victory. Both sides claim victory, so they fight it out. Sparta wins. ARGOS, dominant Peloponese from 790, loses dominance to Sparta until ?. | 735 GHH 547 bk 546 CAH 3.3-769, IV-72, GRG 79, 100, ISBE 2-562, LEWH 63, OHG 544 B76 8-340, 347 |
| c.545 | ABDERA, Thrace, founded 654, Destroyed by Thracians from ?, rebuilt by Greeks of Teos Lydia, including poet/musician ANACREON, who flee there to escape Persians. | 545 CAH 3.3-160, GRG 327, OCD 57, rcSB2 540 GHH |
| c.544 | 59th OLYMPIC GAMES: 1st statue for an Olympic victory erected at Olympia by Praxidamas for winning the cestus competition. | 544 DGRBM 3-518 |
| c.543 | ATHENS, under Pisistratos, takes over religious festival of Delos Island, develops Pan-Athenian festival. | 543 wik540s no date: GRG 57 |
| c.541 | ABDERA Thrace unable to resist general Harpagus of Media, who had been left by Cyrus, after his capture of Sardis. | 541 DGRG 1-2 |
| c.540 | Pisistratos builds temple to DIONYSUS at foot of Acropolis, begins temple of ZEUS Olympus, restores temple of ATHENA POLIS on Acropolis, all to weaken hereditary priesthoods held by nobles. | 540 MCAW 93 530 Dur 2-226 no date: LEWH 66 |
| c.540 | Λ Iliad & Odyssey put into writing by Pisistratos. | 540 MCAW 93 |
| c.540 | Athenian sculptors begin using MARBLE from islands of Naxos and Paros in Cyclades. | 600 TTT 540 MCAW 93 |
| c.540 | North border of LACONIA is fixed. | 540 OCD 575 |
| c.540 | AEGINA island, under Epidauros from ?, separates. Confiscates mutual cult statues of Auxesia and Damia. | 540 DGRBM 1-448 |
| c.540 | THEBAN HOPLITES defeat Thessalian cavalry near Thespia. | 540 GRG, HAG 64 |
| c.540 | THEOGNIS, poet of Megara flourishes. He writes elegiacs suitable for drinking parties. Some vent hatred of lower class rulers who ousted the aristocracy of Megara. Some are love poems to boy Cyrnus. Some are aphorisms on wisdom and morality. | 550 bk 542 GHH 540 B76 10-1091, OHG |
| c.535 | PHRYNAEOS eponymous archon of Athens from 536, ends. Successors unknown until 533. | 535 wikEA |
| c.535 | SALAMIS Island, insecurely under Athens from 570, comes totally under Athens until 350. | 540-30 GRG |
| c.535 | Black-figure pottery, which originated in Corinth c.700, becomes common until 530. | 535 wikArG |
| c. 535 |
|
560-10 wikBFP, wikChP |
| c. 535 |
|
560-25 wikBFP 555-25 B76 I-291, 550-10 wikAP |
| c. 535 |
|
545-30 wikAP 545-20 wikBFP |
| c. 534 | Λ DRAMA: Cult of DIONYSUS, at Eleutherae from ?, transferred to Athens by Pisistratos. 1st DIONYSIA festival at Athens created, lays foundation for Greek drama. 1st TRAGEDY "goat song" performed. THESPIS wins drama contest. Just a protagonist and chorus until 471. Dionysia reorganized 501. | 535 DGRA 1143, DGRBM 3-172, 359, GHH, OCD 350 534 B76 IX-951, CAH 4-67, Dur 2-200, OHG, bk, wikDs, wikθsp 532, wikTAG 508 wikTAG 478 CDGRA 639 |
| c.533 | THERICLES becomes eponymous archon of Athens until 532. | 533 GHH, wikEA |
| c.532 | THERICLES eponymous archon of Athens from 533, ends. Successors unknown until 528. | 532 wikEA |
| c.530 | Λ AQUEDUCT built by engineer Eupalinus in Megara. | 530 TTT |
| c.530 | ONOMACRITOS, compiler and collector of oracles, hired by Pisistratos to compile the oracles of Musaeos. | no date: wikOn |
| c.530 | TEMPLE of APOLLO at Calydon, Aetolia repaired. | 530 SHT 2-403 |
| c.530 | Λ COINS V: 1st 2 sided coins appear in Greece. | 530 OCD 259 |
| c. 530 c. 530 |
RED FIGURE POTTERY begins. The Andokides Painter flourishes. His work is unsigned. He is named after Andokides, the potter for whom he works. During a transitional period, he paints amphoras with black figures on one side and red figures on the other, sometimes with the same scene. Thereafter, he paints only red figure style. |
535 OHG 530 B76 14-899 CAH 4-97, GRG 27, RAH 171, Tmsn 204, wikRFP 530-15 wikAP |
| c.528 | ZAMOLXIS becomes 1st king of Thrace until ?. | 528 GHH |
| c.527 | PISISTRATOS dies. Tyrant of Athens 560-56, from 546, dies of old age. 1st son HIPPIAS succeeds until 510. Allows some power to bro Hipparchos until 514. | 528 B76 8-343, BCoC 305, GHH, OHG, RAI3, wikEA 528/7 B76 V-55, CAH 3.3, ISBE 2-563, wikEA, wikHp 527 B76 4-707, 13-1110, CAH 3.3-769, IV-71, CDCC 102, DGRBM 3-171, 858, Dur 2-123, GRG 56, HAG, LEWH 66, MCAW 99, OCD 479, 517, 836, RAH, SHWC 56, bk, lvG, rcSB3, wikHip, wikPs 526 CDCC 486 |
| c.527 | After Pisistratos dies, HIPPIAS, eponymous archon of Athens 526-5, tries to win back the nobles who had been opposed to tyranny. | 527 B76 4-707 |
| c.527 | ALCMAEONID family, banished from Athens from 546, recalled until 514. | 527 B76 I-208 |
| c.527 | PHILONEUS eponymous archon of Athens from 528, ends. ONETORIDES succeeds until 526. | 527 wikEA |
| c.526 | ONETORIDES, eponymous archon of Athens from 527, ends. HIPPIAS (tyrant 527-10) succeeds until 525. | 526 wikEA |
| c.525 | Figured Attic pottery exports to Rome surge until 510, followed by an equally sharp decline. | 525 CAH 7.2-131 |
| c.525 | 
Chalcidian bronze helmet, so-called because it was first, and is most commonly, depicted on pottery once thought to be from Chalcis Euboea. But it is not known if the helmet originated in Chalcis, or if the pottery in question was Chalcidian. |
photo: GNU FDL 550-500 wikCH |
 North frieze of Siphnian treasury, showing mythic Gigantomachy, a battle between Giants and Olympians photo Fingalo |
| c.525 | Siphnian treasury at Delphi built to host offerings of the polis of Siphnos island in Cyclades. One of a number of treasuries lining the Sacred Way, thru the Sanctuary of Apollo. Purpose: to win favor of the gods and increase the prestige of the donor polis. It is one of the earlier surviving buildings of this type. Until recently it was confused with the neighboring Cnidian Treasury. | 525 OHG, wikST |
| c.525 | HIPPIAS, eponymous archon of Athens from 526, ends. Alcmaeond CLEISTHENES succeeds until 524. | 525 B76 4-707, CAH 3.3, OCD 248, 836, wikEA |
| c.525 | In response to Samian exiles, Spartans and Corinthians send a fleet to overthrow POLYCRATES of Samos. | 525 B76 8-348, GHH, bk 523 CAH 4 |
| c.525 | Poet/musician ANACREON, in Thrace from 545, moves to Athens. | 525 DGRBM |
| c.525 | Lyric poet Simonides of Ceos, age c.30, moves from Ceos to Athens. | 525 DGRBM |
| c.525 | 530-20 is the pinnacle of black-figure vase painting. | wikBFP |
| c.524 | MILTIADES the Elder, ruler of Chersonese peninsula from 555, dies childless. The son of his half-bro Cimon the Elder, STESAGORAS succeeds until 516. | 524 wikMiltE 520 rcT |
| c.524 | CLEISTHENES, eponymous archon of Athens from 525, ends. MILTIADES succeeds until 523. | 524 B76 4-707, GHH, OCD 836, wikEA |
| c.524 | CHOERILOS Athenian tragic dramatist, wins his 1st victory. He is said to have written 150 pieces and won 13 prizes. | 524 DGRA 1144, wikCh 523 DGRBM 1-696, 3-359, GHH |
| c.523 | MILTIADES, eponymous archon of Athens from 524, ends. CALLIADES succeeds until 522. | 523 wikEA |
| c.522 | CALLIADES, eponymous archon of Athens from 523, ends. PISISTRATOS succeeds until 521. | 522 wikEA |
| c.522 | SESTOS in Chersonese founded by Thracians. |  |
522 GHH |
| c.522 | CARDIA in Chersonese founded by Thracians. | 522 GHH |
| c.522 | AEGOSPOTAMI in Chersonese founded by Thracians. | 522 GHH |
| 522/1 | 
ALTAR of the 12 GODS set up in Sanctuary of the 12 gods in the Athenian Agora by archon Pisistratos. It is a place of supplication and refuge, marking the central point from which distances from Athens are measured. Gods are probably Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Apollo, Artemis, Hephaestus, Athena, Ares, Aphrodite, Hermes, and Dionysus, but Hestia may be one of them. It stands until 267CE. |
left: Shakko right: Jastro Backgrounds deleted 522/1 wikA12G |
| c.521 | PISISTRATOS, eponymous archon of Athens from 522, ends. Successors unknown until 518. | 521 wikEA |
| c.520 | BOEOTIAN LEAGUE formed by Thebes with states of Boeotia until 479. | 550 B76 II-114, brit, dlgd 520 rcSB3 519 OCD3 591, juc |
| c.520 | TANAGRA Boeotia, joins Boeotian League until 386. | 520 rcSB3 |
| c.520 | CLEOSTRATOS of Tenedos, astronomer, flourishes. Λ ASTRONOMY V: 1st pointed out 2 stars in Auriga called Haedi. CALENDAR V: Possibly introduces zodiac and solar calendar from Babylonia to Greece. Endorsed 8 year cycle (popularly attributed to Eudoxos 370). (See Roman 713, Mayan 613, Chinese 444, Zoroastrian 441, Mayan 400) |
520 GRG, wikCleo |
| c.520 |  OWL adopted by Athens as trademark symbol. Owls appear on Athenian Λ COINS until ?. |
photo GNU FDL 527-10 B76 8-345 520 GRG |
540-500 SHIELD PATTERNS by Luke Sarson.
| c.520 | 65th OLYMPIC GAMES adds a Hoplite race. | 520 wikAOG |
| c.520 | Sculptor AGELADAS of Argos flourishes. Teacher of Phidias, Myron, and Polykleitos. He makes statues of athletes at Olympia (also in 516 & 507). | 520 OCD 26 disputed date: wikAgl |
| c.520 | Physician DEMOCEDES of Croton practices medicine at Athens, also at Aegina and Samos islands. At Aegina he is paid 1 talent per year from the public treasury. | 532 DGRA 747 520 Dur 2-342 |
| c.520 | OLYMPIEUM, temple of Zeus Olympius begun on the site of a smaller temple until 510 at Athens by order of Pisistratus. | 530 CDGRA 451 520 Dur 2-66 no date: OCD 751 |
CONFUSION ALERT: Not same as Temple of Zeus at Olympia in Elis 780.
| c.520 | Son of Leon, ANAXANDRIDAS dies. 14th Agiad king of Sparta from 560 (with Ariston from 550). Son CLEOMENES-I succeeds to 490. | 525 CDCC 486 520 B76 8-348, CDCC 488, DGRBM 1-163, GHH, MRDK, OCD 1007, OHG, bk, lvG, rcPl, wikKS 519 OCD 250 |
| c.520 | ONOMACRITOS, compiler and collector of oracles, having been hired to compile the oracles of Musaeos, inserts forgeries of his own that are detected by Lasos of Hermione. Onomacritus is banished by Hipparchos. | no date: wikOn |
| c. 520 |
|
530-10 wikAntP 530-00 wikBFP |
| c.519 | PLATAEA Boeotia, pressed by Thebes to join Boeotian League, appeals to Cleomenes-I of Sparta. C-I knows that Thebes will ally with Thessaly & Athens if attacked, so he tells Plataeans to ask Athens for help. |
519 CAH 4-78, 159, DGRBM 1-792, DGRG 1-415, OCD 250, 839, LEWH 67, rcSB3 |
| c.519 | PLATAEA Boeotia, independent from 630, seeks and gets alliance with Hippias of Athens for help against Thebans. Plataea is under the protection of Athens until 479. Corinth sides with Plataea. | 519 B76 8-349, CAH 4-78, 160, DGRA 204, GHH, LEWH 66, OCD 290, 839, bk, rcSB3 519 or 09 B76 8-345 |
| c.519 | Athenians and Boeotians war over Plataea. | 519 GRG, OCD 290 |
| c.517 | HEBRON, eponymous archon of Athens from 518, ends. Successors unknown until 511. | 517 wikEA |
| c.517 | Menandrius, former boss of Samos, escapes to Sparta, tries to bribe Cleomenes-II to help him recover Samos. Menandrius is banished from Peloponnese and disappears. | no date: DGRBM 2-890 |
| c.516 | STESAGORAS, son of Cimon, general? of Chersonese peninsula of Thrace from 524, murdered. Pesistratids of Athens send another son of Cimon, MILTIADES the Younger to defend the Chersonese. MILTIADES the Younger, siezes Chersonese, imprisons rivals, and rules until 492. | 520 GRG 327 516 B76 8-348, 12-203, GRG 61, 264, rcT, wikMiltY 515 GHH |
| c.515 | Son of Agasicles, ARISTON dies. 14th Eurypontid king of Sparta from 550 (with Cleomenes-I from 520). Son DEMARATOS succeeds to 491. | 515 OCD 1007, MRDK, lvG, rcPl, wikKS 510 OCD 324 |
| c.515 | CLEOMENES-I king of Sparta 519-490 refuses to help Samos against Persian rulers. | 515 CDCC 488, OCD 250 |
| c.514 | HARMODIOS and ARISTOGITON, sons of Pisistratos, plot to overthrow Hippias and his bro Hipparchos. | 515 Dur 2-66 514 B76 8-343, CAH 4-79, Dur 2-123, LEWH 66, MCAW 100, OCD 112, 516, lvG |
| c.514 | HIPPARCHOS dies. Bro of Hippias (tyrant of Athens 527-10), assassinated by HARMODIOS and ARISTOGITON. Harmodios is killed by guards of Hippias. Aristogiton is arrested, tortured, and later executed. Hippias fears widespread discontent, kills many Athenians. | 514 B76 V-55, 4-707, 8-343, CAH 4-79, DGRBM 2-349, Dur 2-123, GHH, LEWH 66, MCAW 100, OCD 112, 516, OHG, bk, lvG, rcSB3, wikEA, wikHip, wikHpr |
| c.514 | ALCMAEONID family, back in Athens from 527, perecuted by Hippias, leaves Athens again. Out of Power until 510. | 514 B76 I-208, 8-343 post-514 OCD 248 |
| c.514 | ALCMAEONIDS, having rebuilt the temple of Delphi 546, bribe the priestess to command the Spartans to help them overthrow tyrant Hippias. | no date: wikHip, |
| c.514 | Argives fine Sicyon and Aegina 500 talents each, because they had furnished Spartan king Cleomenes with ships to be employed against Argeian territory. | 514 DGRG 1-203 |
| c.514 | ANACREON, poet of Athens, goes to Thessaly until ?. | 514 OCD 57 |
| c.513 | DARIUS-I king of Medo-Persia 522-486, Babylon 521-486, crosses Bosphorus from Anatolia into Thrace on bridge of boats to cut off supplies to Greece, e.g. Balkan timber, Scythian grain. Builds altar to Zeus Diabaterios, and pays homage to Apollo, whom he considers a Greek approximation of Ahura Mazda. |
516 CAH 4-96 514 OCD 480, OHG 35 513 DBANE 77-8, SOTS 245, lvG 512 Dur 2-234 MCAW 100, RAH 190, SHWC 63, TTT |
|
| c.513 | THRACE comes under Persia until ?. | 515 GHH 513 CDCC 885 513/2 GRG 33 |
| c.513 | MEGABYZOS sent west, to subdue Paeonians in valley of the Upper Strymon. Eion is made capital of European possessions of the Achaemenid Empire. | 513 lvG |
| c.513 | MILTIADES the Younger, Athenian governor of Chersonese peninsula 516-493, becomes vassal of DARIUS-I. | 513 B76 12-203 rcT, wikMiltY |
| c.513 | DARIUS-I goes north to Danube River, builds a bridge, leaves Histiaeos tyrant of Miletos in charge of it, crosses into Scythian land. Gives orders that if he does not return in 60 days, destroy the bridge. The 60 days elapse. Athenian Miltiades advises destroying the bridge. Histiaeos refuses, figuring that Persian help against local democrats was more important than freedom from Persians. | 516 CAH 4-96, 103 514 or 12 CHEIA 101 513 B76 V-63, DGRBM 2-498, GRG 327, IDB 1-769 512 Dur 2-234, HAG, OCD 520, RAH 691, bk |
| c.513 | CLEISTHENES, based in Boeotia, leads Alcmaeonids in unsuccessful invasion of Attica. | 513 B76 I-208 |
| c.513 | Laconians (originally Lacedaemonians) are dominant in the Aegean. | 513 GHH |
| c.513 | DARIUS-I, having failed to conquer Scythians, crosses Danube back into Thrace. | 512 OCD 968 |
| c.512 | DARIUS-I king of Medo-Persia 522-486, Babylon 521-486, is back in Thrace, subdues Thrace and Macedonia. | 512 Dur 2-234, HAG, MCAW 100 |
| c.512 | MYRCINOS on the Strymon in Thrace founded by Greeks of Miletos working for Persia. | 513/2 lvG |
| c.512 | 4th Temple of APOLLO at Delphi, begun 548, completed. Doric style. Lasts until 373. | 512 Dur 2-226 480 DGRBM 3-896 |
| c.512 | ALCMAEONID family of Athens, exiled from 514, allied with other nobles, try to fight their way back into Athens. | 512 B76 4-707 |
| c.512 | AMYNTAS-I king of Macedon 540-495, becomes vassal of Medo-Persia until ?. | 512 GRG 327, HAG 510 GHH |
| c.512 | BYZANTIUM, Greek colony from 668, taken by Darius-I, under Medo-Persians until 497. | 512 B76 9-1069, CDCC 230, anan, rcT |
| c.512 | DARIUS-I king of Medo-Persia 522-486, Babylon 521-486, in Europe from 513, crosses back into Anatolia, stays at Sardis. | no date: SOTS 245 |
| c.511 | ALCMAEONID family of Athens, exiled from 514, asks help from Cleomenes-I, king of Sparta 520-490, against sons of Pisistratos. | 511 MCAW 100 |
| c.511 | CLEOMENES-I, Agiad king of Sparta 520-490, duty bound to quench tyranny in Athens, sends small force under Anchimolius against HIPPIAS which lands at Phalerum Bay. Hippias was ready, and annihilates it with Thessalian cavalry. | 511 CAH 4-81 |
| c.511 | HIPPIAS Pisistratid tyrant of Athens 514-10, marries his daughter, Archedike, to Aiantides, son of Hippoklos, tyrant of Lampsakos, to facilitate his access to Persian court. | no date: wikHip |
| c.511 | PHRYNICHOS, pupil of Thespis, tragic dramatist of Athens, wins his 1st victory. He probably introduced the female mask. 1st known poet to use a historical subject. | 511 CDGRA 638, DGRA 1144, DGRBM 3-359, Dur 2-66, GH 510 B76 VII-973 511-08 wikTAG |
| c.510 | MESEMBRIA Thrace on Black Sea coast Founded by Greeks of Megara, Byzantium, Chalcedon. | 510 CAH 3.3-161 |
| c.510 | DELPHIC ORACLE tells Cleomenes-I of Sparta to liberate Athens from Hippias. | 510 CDGRA 453 |
| c.510 | CLEOMENES-I king of Sparta 520-490, with Alcmaeonids and approval of Megara and Corinth, marches against Athens, defeats Thessalian cavalry, besieges Hippias in Acropolis. Hippias tries to smuggle his children out. They are caught by Spartans, who use them to get Hippias to surrender. | 510 B76 II-989, V-55, 8-340, 343, CAH 4-81-2, DGRBM 2-625, OHG 35 |
| c. 510 | HIPPIAS, tyrant of Athens from 527, surrenders to Spartans. Athenian tyranny from 546 ends. Hippias and the Pisistratids are expelled from Athens by Cleomenes-I and Demaratos. Hippias leaves with partisans to Sigeum in the Troad. ALCMAEONIDS, out of power from 514, restored by Cleomenes-I, and are now under Cleisthenes. | 511-10 wikEA 510 B76 II-989, V-55, 8-343, 348, CAH 3.3, CDCC 102, 488, DGRBM 1-106, 792, 3-173, GHH, HAG 78, ISBE 2-563, LEWH 66, MCAW 102, OCD 250, 479, 517, OHG, RAH 160, SHWC 56, bk, lvG, rcSB3, wikHip |
| c.510 | The 4 tribes of Athens are remodeled and raised to 10 by Cleisthenes. 50 from each tribe increase the council to 500 bouleutai (counsellors) who are first chosen by lot. 10 tribes until 306. | 510 DGRA 210 |
| c.510 | Cleomenes-I befriends Isagoras, who is suspected of lending out his wife to Cleomenes in exchange for favors. | 510 DGRBM 2-625 |
| c.510 | OLYMPIEUM, temple of Zeus Olympius at Athens begun 520 by Pisistratus, construction suspended until 174. | 510 clsx |
| c.510 | 5th and last Temple of APOLLO at Delphi, begun, but has to be rebuilt after a quake. Doric style. | 510 wikTAD |
| c.510 | ATHENS is forced to join PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE. | 510 B76 8-349, MCAW 102 |
| c.510 | MEGARA joins PELOPONNESIAN LEAGUE until 460. | pre-500 OCD 665 |
| c.510 | HIPPIAS begins to fortify the citadel at the Piraeus. | 510 OCD 703 |
| c.510 | TELESILLA, poetess of Argos, flourishes. | 510 OCD 703 |
| c.510 | HARPACTIDES eponymous archon of Athens from 511, ends. SCAMANDRIOS succeeds until 509. | 510 wikEA |
| c.510 | TORTURE abolished by law in Athens. | 510/9 OCD 376 |
| c.510 | CLEISTHENES-I passes a law condemning exiled Pisistratids. | 510/9 OCD 376 |
| c.510 | 1st Athenian CLERUCHY (military colony) established in the land of the hippobatae near Chalcis Euboea. | 510 CDGRA 189 |
| c.510 | The LEAGROS GROUP: Attic black figure. Includes the Acheloos Painter, Chiusi Painter, & Daybreak Painter. Main painted vessels are amphoras and hydria, the latter often with palmettes in the predella. | 520-00 wikBFP |
The Chiusi Painter is conventional and characterised by a boring delicateness. |
525-00 Acheloos wikAclP 525-00 Chiusi wikChP 520 boat wikBFP |
| c.510 | 
Homo-erotic scene painted on rim of an Attic red-figure kylix. |
photo Marie-Lan Nguyen 510 wikHED |
| c.510 | 
BOEOTIAN SHIELD begins to replace the larger 8th cen. dipylon shield. It is leather over a wood frame, and has slightly smaller cutouts. Called Boeotian only because it frequently appears on Boeotian coins. |
550-480 wikCB |
| c.510 | 
Corinthian bronze helmet made in Apulia: The Corinthians, despite their usual flair, have plain helmets. |
photo: pub dom 510 wikCH |
| c.510 |  Sculptor ANTENOR of Athens flourishes. Sculpts the joint statues of tyrannicides Harmodios and Aristogeiton, funded by the Athenians. Only Roman copies survive. |
photo MiguelHermoso 540-00 wikAnt |
| c.510 | The PIONEER GROUP are red figure vase painters working in the Kerameikos (potters' quarter) of Athens. Includes painters Phintias, Euthymides, Euphronios, Smikros, Hypsias, and the Dikaios Painter. Not red figure innovators, but late adopters. Their work makes frequent reference to one another, often in a playful competitive spirit. | early 5th wikPG |
 Jastrow amphora by Phintias showing rape of Leto by Tityos |
 Bibi Saint-Pol paunch amphora by Euthymides showing Hector putting on his armor |
 Bibi Saint-Pol neck amphora by Euphronios showing a Scythian archer |
 Rolf Muller krater by Euphronios showing Athenian youths arming themselves |
 Jastrow stamnos by Smikros showing Maenads & Dionysos holding a kantharos |
| c.509 | SCAMANDRIOS eponymous archon of Athens from 510, ends. LYSAGORAS succeeds until 508. | 509 wikEA |
| c.509 | DIONYSIA at Athens gives the first prize for a dithyramb. | 509 OCD 230 |
| c.509 | STATUES of Harmodios & Aristogiton made by Antenor are put in the Athenian agora near the temple of Ares. They remain until 480. | 509 DGRA 1063, DGRBM 2-350, GHH |
| c.508 | LYSAGORAS eponymous archon of Athens from 509, ends. ISAGORAS, an Alcmaeonid, succeeds until 507. | 508 B76 4-707, 8-343 CAH 4-139, GHH, OCD 249, wikEA |
| c.508 | CLEISTHENES-I passes a law extending citizenship to all free men of Athens. | 508 B76 18-269 |
| c.508 | Aegina Island is dominant in the Aegean. | 508 GHH |
| c. 508 | ISAGORAS, eponymous archon of Athens, politically threatened by Alcmaeonid CLEISTHENES-I, asks help from Cleomenes-I, king of Sparta. Cleomenes-I complies, invades Attica, demands dissolution of the city council, expulsion of Cleisthenes and 700 families descended from those who massacred the Cylonids in 632. Isagoras wins the political contest, but only after Cleisthenes had instituted democratic reforms which gave him dangerous popularity. Cleisthenes is expelled, but Athenians rally to support the city council, drive out Isagoras and Cleomenes of Sparta, restore Cleisthenes. DEMOCRACY, suspended from 561, is reestablished until 487. |
508 B76 8-343, CAH 4-139, CDCC 102, 488, Dur 2-66, HAG, OCD 249-50, OHG, RAH 160, RW, bk, wikEA |
| c.508 | Alcmaeonid CLEISTHENES-I passes a law condemning partisans of Isagoras. | 508/7 OCD 376 |
| c.508 | OSTRACISM becomes a law introduced by Cleisthenes-I, but the first implementation of it is not until 487. | 510 GHH 508 DGRA 122 508/7 OCD 762 |
| c.507 | MEGABYZOS, as envoy of Darius, demands earth and water (submission) from Macedonia. | 507 DGRBM 1-118 |
| c.507 | Persian envoys murdered in court of Amyntas-I king of Macedon 540-495, by instigation of his son Alexander. | 507 DGRBM 1-515 |
| c.507 | Athenian DEMOCRACY: 4 ancient tribes abolished by Cleisthenes and replaced with 10 new tribes. All citizens have a vote in the popular Assembly. | 510 DGRBM, GHH 508/7 B76 VII-975 507 MCAW 103 |
| c.507 | BOULE (Council), 100 reps from each of the 4 Athenian tribes from 594, changed to 50 reps each from the 10 newly created tribes. | 507 wikBl |
| c.507 | CLEISTHENES, democratic ruler of Athens, fears another attack by Cleomenes-I, seeks alliance with satrap of Sardis. Envoys accept terms of satrap, but Athenians reject them. | no date: OCD 249 |
| c.507 | Corinth mediates between Athens and Sparta. | 507 OCD 290 |
| c.507 | ALCMAEON becomes eponymous archon of Athens until 506, after which successor is unknown until 504. | 507 wikEA |
| c.506 | MEGABYZOS, Persian commander in Aegean, recalled. OTANES son of Sisamnes succeeds until ?. | 506 DGRBM 3-65 |
| c.506 | CLEOMENES-I Agiad king of Sparta 520-490, tries to organize Peloponnesian League against Athens to restore Isagoras, but is obstructed by colleague Demaratus, Eurypontid king of Sparta 515-491. Corinthians and other allies refuse to join Cleomenes, but he invades Attica anyway. | 507 LEWH 66 506 HAG, OCD 250, OHG, 36 |
| c.506 | CLEISTHENES democratic ruler of Athens, temporarily expelled by Cleomenes-I. | 506 OCD 250 |
| c.506 | CLEOMENES-I Agiad king of Sparta 520-490, expelled from Attica by Athenians. | 506 OCD 250 |
| c.506 | AEGINA Island begins long struggle with Athens. | 506 OCD 12 505 B76 I-108 |
| c.506 | HYSIAE and OENOE on frontier of Attica, taken by Boeotians. |
506 DGRG 1-329, 1107 |
| c.506 | CHALCIS Euboea: Soon after the expulsion of the Pisistratids from Athens, the Chalcidians join the Boeotians against the Athenians. But the Athenians cross over to Euboea with a great force, defeat the Chalcidians, and divide the lands of the wealthy Hippobotae "horse feeders" among 4,000 Athenian citizens as cleruchs. | 506 B76 II-712, III-985, CAH 3.3, CDCC 332, DGRA 608, DGRG 1-599, 872, GRG, HAG, LEWH 66, OCD 226, 252, 412, OHG, bk |
| c.505 | ARGOS & SPARTA, at peace from 546, war resumes until ?. | - |
| c.505 | Thebes asks Aegina island for aid in war against Athens. Request granted. Aeginetans send fleet to ravage the coast of Attica. | 505 DGRG 1-33 |
| c.505 | Athens petitions Artaphernes-I satrap of Lydia, for help against Sparta and Thebes. Artaphernes-I promises help only if Athens will become vassal to Darius-I | 505 DGRG 1-369, GHH |
| c.505 | Constitution of Peloponnesian League written. Separate treaties between Sparta and each state, which agrees to furnish troops for any Spartan war. | 505 RAH 154 |
| c.504 | CLEOMENES-I Agiad king of Sparta 520-490, again tries to organize Peloponnesian League against Athens, this time to restore former tyrant Hippias, again obstructed by colleague Demaratus, Eurypontid king of Sparta 515-491. Cleomenes invades Attica anyway. | 504 OCD 250 |
| c.504 | ACESTORIDES becomes eponymous archon of Athens until 503. | 504 GHH, wikEA |
| c.503 | ACESTORIDES, eponymous archon of Athens from 504, ends. Successor unknown until 501. | 503 wikEA |
| c.503 | Laios of Hermione Argolis, lyric poet, flourishes. | 503 GHH |
| c.502 | Eretria is dominant in the Aegean. | 502 GHH |
| c.501 | ATHENS: Office of STRATEGOS (chief general) introduced or reformed. Henceforth 10 strategoi (one from each tribe) are elected by the assembly of all citizens. Army is reorganized. Number of archons is increased from 9 to 10. | 501 B76 8-344, OCD 479, RAH 161 |
| c.501 | DIONYSIA, Athens main dramatic competition from 534, reorganized. The CHOREGIA for tragedy at the Great Dionysia begins. | 501/0 B76 1-147 pre-500 OCD 230 |
| c.501 | Hecataeus the historian participates in deliberations of the Ionians respecting revolt. | 501 DGRBM, OCD 230 |
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Balkan Peninsula 500-381
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