c. 10,000 | ![]() |
art: Dmitry Bogdanov 10,000 wikQEE |
c. 10,000 | With the retreat of the ice, vegetation patterns change. Reindeer follow mosses and ferns at the ice edge and people dependent on them follow. | 10,000 mxfld |
c. 10,000 | ![]() |
10,000 Azen no date: wikGSHCR |
c. 10,000 | PROTO-DRAVIDIANS, in Zagros Mts. from ??, migrate east into south Asia until 5000. | 10,000 wikDrv |
![]() Shigir Idol tipped horizontally photo: Russian name |
c.9500 | SHIGIR IDOL, the oldest known wooden sculpture, is deposited in a peat bog on the east slope of the Middle Urals, near the village of Kalata (Kirovgrad) central Russia. It is made of larch wood from a tree that was at least 159 years old when felled. The top is a head with eyes, nose, and mouth. The body is flat and rectangular. Geometrical motifs decorate its surface; original height was 5.3 m. It is speculated that the idol was a warning not to enter a forbidden area. | 9500 wikSgr |
c.8500 | ![]() |
8500 wikKnd 8000 u2HWEY timelapse |
c.8500 | GOATS V domesticated in Asia, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia. China 5000 | 8500 Copilot |
c. 8000 | ![]() |
map: Sandom, Faurby, Sandel, Svenning 8000 wikQEE, wikTop |
c.7000 | WHEAT, cultivated in Mesopotamia from 8800, first cultivated in Asia. See China 2600. | 7000 PW 13 |
c.7000 | Wheat, barley, pulses evidenced from Anatolia to the Indus Valley. | 7000 PW 13 |
c.7000 | Post-glacial sea level rise decelerates, slowing the submersion of landmasses that had happened over previous 10,000 years. | 8-6000 wikTop |
c.7000 | AGRICULTURE V develops from east Iran to Indus River. | 7000 PW 13 |
c.7000 | Λ GOAT becomes the main domestic animal. | 7000 PW 13 |
c.7000 | Early Neolithic culture in South Asia is represented by the Mehrgarh findings in present Balochistan, Pakistan. | 7000 wikI |
c.6500 | Λ AGRICULTURE emerges in Balochistan, on the margins of the Indus alluvium. India 6000 | 6500 wikIVC, 5500 wikIVC |
c.6500 | YAKS domesticated in central Asia for their milk, wool, meat, and as beasts of burden. But first physical evidence is not until 500. | 8-5000 ttco |
c.6500 | RYE first cultivated in southwest Asia, then expands west. See 1700. | 6500 Copilot |
c.6000 | Oldest known SKI in Karelia in west Russia, has an elk head carved on one end, which may have functioned as a brake. See Scandinavia 4000. | 6000 ftpHS |
c.6000 | JEITUN sites in northeast Persia [south Asia] occupied until 5800. | 6000 ioNEI |
c.6000 | ![]() |
6000 u2HWEY, wikTrl |
CONFUSION ALERT! There is also a TRIALETI Culture beginning in 3000.
c.6000 | ![]() 1. central south Caucasus around the middle Kura. 2. the Nakhichevan region, the Mil plain, and the Mugan steppe. 3. the Ararat Plain. All cereal cultivaters and domestic animal breeders. Domesticated animals include goat, sheep, cow, pig, and dog. They eat 10 species of wheat and several types of barley, plus oats, millet, sorgum, lentil, pea, bean, cultivated grape, melon, sorrel, amaranth, and goosefoots. |
6000 u2HWEY timelapse, wikPArm, wikPAs, wikSSC, wikTVC |
c.6000 | MILLET, cultivated in China from 8500,, is cultivated in central Asia. First evidence in Dzungar Alatau Mts. Europe 1500 | 6000 guess 2560-2150 Copilot |
c.6000 | SHEEP, domesticated in north Mesopotamia from 9000, Anatolia from 8630, Levant 7700, Greece 7200, are domesticated in Asia. | 6000 wikSSC |
c.6000 | WINE first evidenced in the Caucasus region. Persia 5000 | 6000 Copilot |
c.5600 | BLACK SEA, until now a freshwater lake, receives salt water coming thru the Bosporus from the Aegean. | 5600 wikBS 5500 mxfld |
c. 5500 | ![]() |
map: Thomas Harper 5500 wikCTC, 4500 u2HWEY |
c.5200 | CATTLE introduced to Eurasian steppes. | 5200 wikIEM |
c.5000 | ![]() |
5000 wikKnd |
c. 5000 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 5000 wikSmr |
CONFUSION ALERT! There is also a SAMARRA (2 Rs) Culture in Mesopoyamia beginning 5500.
c.5000 | HORSES V first domesticated in the Volga-Don area. They are eaten, but not yet ridden. Earliest horse burials evidenced in Samarra Culture. | 5000 wikSmr 3500 Copilot |
c.5000 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 5000 wikDDC |
c.5000 | DRAVIDIANS, in south Asia from 10,000, move into northwest India. | 5000 guess |
c.4700 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 4900 wikKvl 4700 wikYmn |
c.4500 | KHVALYNSK Culture begins uniting the lower and middle Volga sites keeping domestic sheep, goats, cattle, and maybe horses. | 4500 wikKvl |
c.4500 | Proto-WRITING develops in China, Southeast Europe (Vinca symbols) and West Asia (proto-literate cuneiform). | 6-3000 wikTop |
c.4500 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 4500 wikYmn, wikSSC |
c.4500 | Evidence of Λ HORSE V domestication in Sredny Stog culture. | 4500 wikSSC |
c.4350 | ![]() |
4350 wikLTC, wikMkp |
c.4350 | Domesticated Λ HORSES V in central Asian Steppes are now ridden as well as eaten. They spread west to Eurasia. See Europe 3000, Anatolia 2450. | 4400 PW 13 4350 TTPC 4000 wikHAg 3500 Copilot 2500 TAWH 16 2300 CWH 2100-1700 wikDHrs |
c.4300 | ![]() |
photo: Silar 4300 wikFBC, 4200 eupFBC |
c. 4200 | ![]() |
4200 u2HWEY timelapse, wikCCC |
c.4200 | Herdsmen of the steppes migrate into the lower Danube valley. | 4200 wikIEM |
c.4200 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 4200 wikDDC |
c.4050 | Trypillian people begin building NEBELIVKA in Ukraine. The settlement within the boundary ditch includes over 1200 structures. It will grow to 15-18,000 inhabitants. Artifacts include Λ POTTERY V, female figurines, stylised faces, charred bones of animals, and small gold pieces. | 4050 wikTop 4000 wikNbl |
![]() |
map Dbach mann wikIAMT |
c.4000 | ![]() |
4000 wikLTC, wikMkp |
c.4000 | MUNDIGAK founded in Afghanistan. Divided into 5 periods of occupation: 4000-3800, 3800-3400, 3400-3200, 3200-2900, 2900-2400. | 4000 wikHlm |
c.4000 | ![]() |
4000 wikPArm, wikPAs, wikSSC, wikTVC |
c.4000 | Proto-Indo-European folk tale, The Smith and the Devil originates. A blacksmith offers his soul to a malevolent being (commonly a devil in modern versions) in exchange for the ability to weld any kind of materials together. The blacksmith then uses his new ability to stick the devil to an immovable object (often a tree), thus avoiding his end of the bargain. Versions of it will be found in Indo-European folktales from Scandinavia to India. | 4000 wikS&D no date: wikPIE |
by 4000 | APPLES first cultivated in Asia in the Tian Shan Mts. See India 2000, | 10-4000 Copilot |
c.4000 | COTTON, cultivated in east Sudan from 5000, the wild tree form is cultivated in Pakistan. See Levant 5200, India 3000 | 4000 Copilot |
c. 3950 | ![]() |
3950 wikYmn, 3900 wikRpn |
c.3800 | Trypillian people build TALLIANKI between the Talianka River and a smaller stream in Ukraine. It will grow to 15,600-21,000 inhabitants - the largest of its time. | 3800 wikTop, 3850-3700 wikTln |
c.3800 | ![]() |
3800 wikYmn, 3500 wikKvl |
c.3800 | SOHR DAMB (Red Mound) founded near Nal, in central Balochistan. Divided into 4 phases that are also divided. Has wheat, hulled and naked barley, later sesame and millet, humped or Zebu cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, and bull figurines. Lasts until 2300. | 3800 wikSD |
c.3800 | DOGS, domesticated in Asia from 40-30,000, evidenced in China from 8500,, evidenced at Sohr Damb. | 3800 wikSD |
c.3800 | Hittite is the earliest LANGUAGE V to split off from Indo-European languages. | 4139-3450 wikIEM |
c.3790 | Proto-Indo-European language begins diverging. Hittite is the earliest language to split off. | 3500 wikIEM |
c.3700 | ![]() |
3700 wikBt, wikHCA |
c.3700 | Trypillian build in Maidanets (Ukraine) settlement reaches 12,000-46,000 inhabitants, and builds 3-story building. | 3700 wikTop |
c.3700 | ![]() |
map: Joostik u2HWEY timelapse photo: fair use 3700 wikMkp |
c.3700 | WHEELS with axles, in Mesopotamia from 5500, first evidenced in Asia. China 2500 | 3700 guess |
c.3650 | Ox drawn WAGONS in south Russia are the 1st vehicles buried in graves. | 3650 PW 13 |
c.3600 | St. Paul Island, refuge of pygmy mammoths from 10,000, colonized by humans who exterminate them. | 3600 wikQEE |
c.3500 | ![]() |
3500 wikYmn, wikSSC |
c.3500 | INDO-EUROPEANS, in Asian Steppes from ?, move to Europe, specifically the Danube area. | 3500 B76 2-614 |
c.3500 | ![]() |
4000 wikCc, wikHA, wikKAC, wikPArm 3500 wikMkp 3400 u2HWEY, wikKAC, wikPArm, wikPI 3300 wikPAs |
c.3500 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 3500 wikMkp, 3300 wikNvt |
c.3500 | DAMB SADAT is settled. It is in Quetta Valley west of the Indus, a rich agricultural environment, and home to several earlier Neolithic cultures in Pakistan. DAMB SADAT Culture begins until ?. Phase 1 begins until 2600. Settlements remain small but grow in number. | 3500 wikDS |
c.3450 | History of KASHMIR begins, but no known sites until 3000. Independent until 2500. | 3450 bkfc |
c.3400 | ![]() |
3400 u2HWEY, wikGAC |
c.3400 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos photo: Jona Lendering 3500 wikYmn, 3400 wikUsC |
c.3300 | ![]() |
3300 wikRpn, wikYmn |
c.3300 | ![]() |
gif: Joshua Jonathan 3450 u2HWEY timelapse 3300 wikIEM, wikYmn |
c.3300 | ![]() |
3450 u2HWEY timelapse, 3300 wikAfn, wikTcL |
c.3238 | Gonanda I becomes king of Kashmir until 3188. | 3238 bkfc |
c.3200 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 5000 u2HWEY, 3200 wikDnp no date: wikMDn |
c.3195 | METEORS bombard Earth, resulting atmospheric dust-veil as evidenced as cold period in narrow tree rings, and other world events. | 3195 kpol 3123 CWH |
c.3188 | Gonanda-I, king of Kashmir from 3238, is killed by Krishna's elder bro Balarama. Damodara-I succeeds until 3140. | 3188 bkfc |
c.3140 | Damodara-I, king of Kashmir from 3188, killed by Krishna and his army. Wife Yasovati succeeds as queen for 6 months until 3139. | 3140 bkfc |
c.3139 | Yasovati, queen of Kashmir from 3140, ends. Son Gonanda-II succeeds until 3083. | 3139 bkfc |
c.3100 | ![]() |
3100 wikBt, wikHCA |
c.3100 | YAMNAYA Culture, 3300-2600, begins expanding into the Danube valley until 2600. | 3100 wikYmn |
c.3083 | Gonada-II, king of Kashmir from 3139, is killed in a battle with Parikshit (grandson of Arjuna), king of Hastinapura. Parikshit succeeds until 3041. Pandava dynasty rules Kashmir for 1331 years until 1752. | 3083 bkfc |
c.3041 | Parikshit, king of Kashmir from 3083, ends. | 3041 bkfc |
by 3000 | ![]() |
by 3000 wikPArm |
c.3000 | Indo-European tribes slowly expand in all directions until 1500, including various salients across south Asia both east and north. Baltic area and west Russia are colonized mostly by Indo-Europeans. But the nomadic ancestors of Estonians reached the Baltic from the upper Volga. They are related to Finns and Hungarians, and speak a non-Indo-European language. | 3000 mxfld |
c.3000 | KIEV: Tripolski Culture tribes have farming, cattle raising, and pottery. | 3000 B76 10-468 |
c.3000 | ![]() |
map: Cre. Com. photo: Einsamer Schutze 3000 wikCWC |
![]() ![]() |
map: DEMIS Mapserver |
c.3000 | DOLPHINS killed in Black Sea. | 3000 TTPC |
c.3000 | ![]() |
3000 wikMkp |
c.3000 | KASHMIR, existing from 3450, receive earliest Neolithic sites in the flood plains. | 3000 wikHK |
c.3000 | HARAPPAN civilization, in India from
5500, begins in Pakistan until
1500. EARLY HARAPPAN Period begins until 2600 |
3200 wikIVC, 3000 HCIP 1-172, wikPnj |
![]() Harappan sites 3200-2800 map: Merikanto |
c.2990 | TOCHARIAN Λ LANGUAGE V splits off from Proto-Indo-European language. | 3727-2262 wikIEM |
c.2920 | Settlement at BURZAHOM in Kashmir has mud plastered pit dwellings, coarse pottery and stone tools. | 2920 wikHK |
c.2900 | ![]() |
map: DEMIS Mapserver |
c.2900 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 3200 mxfld 2900 wikFtB |
c.2900 | ![]() |
2900 wikUsC |
c.2800 | ![]() |
2800 wikGAC |
c.2800 | ![]() |
photo: Silar 2800 wikFBC |
c.2800 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 2800 wikYmn |
c.2800 | The Indus Valley Civilization expands across Pakistan, much of north India, and parts of Afghanistan, with Harappa and Mohenjo-daro becoming large metropolises. | 2800 wikTIH |
c.2760 | Proto-Indo-European Λ LANGUAGE V, in Europe and Asia, SPLITS into 4 Indo-European languages: Greek/Armenian, Albanian, Italic/Germanic/Celtic, Balto-Slavic/Indo-Iranian. | 3727-2262 wikIEM |
c.2750 | ![]() |
3400 u2HWEY, 2750 wikCTC, 2700 wikYmn |
c.2750 | Indus Valley Civilization, in India from 3000, expands into west Pakistan until 1750. Sites at Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. Has defensive walls of baked brick, irrigation & drainage systems, planned streets, multi-story houses, centralized administration, advanced weights & measures. Trades with Sumeria. | 29-2600 MCAW 2750 TAWH 16, wikIVC 2600 encIVC 2350 MCAW 2300 B76 9-334 |
c.2700 | Λ BRONZE AGE begins in Asia until 500. | 2700 wikBA |
c.2700 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 2700 wikMkp, wikNvt |
c.2700 | ![]() |
map: DEMIS Mapserver |
c. 2700 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 2800 wikPlt 2700 wikYmn |
c. 2600 | ![]() ![]() |
gif: Joshua Jonathan 2800 u2HWEY timelapse 2600 wikYmn, 2500 wikCtc, wikIEM, wikPE |
by 2600 | Early Harappan communities from 3000, become large urban centers, including Harappa, Ganeriwala, Mohenjo-daro in Pakistan, and Dholavira, Kalibangan, Rakhigarhi, Rupar, and Lothal in India. | by 2600 wikIVC |
c.2600 | DAMB SADAT Culture, Phase 1 in Pakistan from 3500 ends. Phase 2 begins until ?. Multi-room houses are built of mudbrick with limestone foundations. | 2600 wikDS |
YAMNAYA contribution in modern East Europe ranges from 46.8% among Russians to 42.8% in Ukrainians. Finland has the highest Yamnaya contributions in Europe (50.4%).. | wikYmn |
![]() |
map Dbach mann wikIAMT |
by 2500 | Hunting economies had begun to give way to herding and agriculture in Kazakhistan and central Siberia. Pottery of all these people show affinities to the Mid East. Domestication of the Λ HORSE V allowed them to spread in all directions. | by 2500 mxfld |
by 2500 | Λ HORSE V drawn CARTS are used in Turkistan. | by 2500 mxfld |
2500 | 2 hump CAMEL: Bactrians 1st domesticated as a pack animal in central Asia. | 3-2000 wikCm |
c.2500 | ![]() |
2500 u2HWEY, wikAfn, wikTcL |
c.2500 | KASHMIR, independent from 3450, comes under Harappa until 1750. | 2500 rcCAE |
c.2400 | KURGAN people begin leaving their homes to first invade the north shore of the Black Sea and then the Trans-Caucasus. Mountain people of Trans-Caucasus had already had much contact with Mesopotamian civilizations, and had a civilizing influence on the barbarian Kurgans. | 2400 mxfld |
c.2400 | SINTASHTA settlements appear in south Urals, with population in each site ranging from 200 to 700. But culture doesn't emerge until 2200. | 2800 u2HWEY, 2400 wikSnt |
c.2400 | MUNDIGAK, in Afghanistan from 4000, ends. | 2400 wikHlm |
c.2400 | Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex begins until 1600. | 2400 wikIEM |
c.2350 | ![]() |
map: Cre. Com. photo: Einsamer Schutze 2350 wikCWC |
c.2300 | MIDDLE DNIEPER Culture at the middle of the Dnieper River from 3200 ends. | 2300 wikDnp |
c.2300 | FATYANOVO Culture in central Russia establishes settlements engaged in Bronze metallurgy, giving rise to the BALANOVO culture. | 2300 wikFtB |
c. 2300 | SEIMA-TURBINO burials begin until 1700. A pattern of burial sites with similar bronze artifacts found across north Eurasia, mostly Siberia and Central Asia. Homeland is probably the Altai Mountains. The buried are nomadic warriors and metal-workers, traveling on horseback or 2 wheeled carts. | 2300 wikSTp |
c.2300 | SIBERIA: Indo-Iranian influences in southwest Siberia begin until 1000. | 2300 wikHSbr |
c.2300 | SOHR DAMB (Red Mound) near Nal, in central Balochistan from 3800 ends. | 2300 wikSD |
c.2260 | Balto-Slavic and Indo-Iranian Λ LANGUAGES V, united from 2760 SPLIT. | 2723-1790 wikIEM |
c.2200 | The Cycladic culture in the Aegean decays and is replaced by the new palatine phase of Minoan Crete. | 2200 wikPE |
c.2200 | ESTONIA: Late Neolithic Period begins until 1800. | 2200 wikHE |
c.2200 | ![]() |
map: DEMIS Mapserver |
c.2200 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 2200 wikAbs |
c.2200 | ![]() |
2200 wikHA, wikMkp, wikPArm, 2000 wikCC, wikKAC, wikPArm, wikPAs, wikPI |
4.2 kiloyear event begins from 2200 to 2150?. A volcanic eruption causes marked increase in aridity and wind circulation, induces degradation of land-use conditions.
![]() Global distribution of 4.2 kiloyear event. Hatched areas get wet conditions or flooding. Dotted areas get drought or dust storms. |
map: Jianjun Wang 2200 wik4.2, wikAE, wikAkE, wikOKE |
c.2200 | ![]() |
3000 wikPAs, 2200 wikHA, wikPArm, 2000 wikPArm |
CONFUSION ALERT! There is a TRIALETIAN Culture that ended in 6000.
c.2200 | ![]() |
map: DEMIS Mapserver |
c.2200 | ![]() ![]() Sintashta-Petrovka complex begins until 1750. Abashevo-Sintashta communities begin until 1800. |
map: Krakkos map: Krakkos 2800 u2HWEY timelapse 2200 wikSnt 2100 wikIEM, wikYmn |
c.2200 | Earliest known Λ CHARIOTS V have been found in Sintashta burials. They have spoked wheels, but not everyone agrees that the Sintashta vehicles are true chariots. | 2200 wikSnt 2100 wikIEM 1950-1880 wikChr |
c.2100 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 2200 wikPlt 2100 wikYmn |
c.2100 | Proto-Indo-Iranian Λ LANGUAGE and culture emerge within the Sintashta culture until its end 1800. | 2100 wikIEM |
c.2050 | ![]() |
map: Krakkos 2300 mxfld 2050 wikFtB |
c.2000 | ![]() |
2000 u2HWEY, wikCCC |
Asia 2000-1001
V