c.1000 | CAMELS, long used by Arameans in Arabia, come into common use. (See Levant 1000, Mesopotamia 1000) |
1000 mxfld |
c.965 | BALKIS, queen of Saba from 1005, ends. Sucessors unknown. | 965 hifiS |
CONFUSION ALERT! SABA in Arabia is different from Saba (Seba) Ethiopia, (Isaiah 43:3 and 45:14).
c.960 | TADMOR in desert east of Kadesh, independent from ?, comes under Israel until 928. | 960 rcS |
c.946 | SOLOMON, king of Israel 970-31, begins building a merchant FLEET at Ezion-Geber on Gulf of Aqaba. This means he controlls all Edom. Hiram of Tyre furnishes sailors. It trades with OPHIR, which must have been in Africa, because they brought back apes and ivory. | 1K 9:26-28, 10:22, 2Ch 9:21 950 MCAW 55 |
c.925 | EZION-GEBER, on Gulf of Aqaba, under Israel/Judah from ?, sacked and destroyed by SHESHONK-I, pharaoh 945-24. | 925 IDB 2-214 |
c.900 | The Qahtanis begin using a Variant of Phoenician script, which leads to recording of the South Arabian history. | 900 wikTY |
c.870 | Kingdom of QEDAR begins until 610. | 870 hifiK |
c.870 | GINDIBU becomes king of Qedar until 850. | 870 hifiK, wikQd |
c.850 | GINDIBU king of Qedar from 870 ends. | 850 hifiK, wikQd |
c.800 | QAHTANI Semites, dominant in Yemen from 2300, no longer dominant. | 800 ade |
c.800 | Hegemony of Saba begins until 400. | 800 wikAHY, |
c.800 | The Qatabani rise as Sabean vassals in central and east Yemen. | 800 wikTY |
c.800 | The Hadhramawt rise as Sabean vassal kingdom in east Yemen. | 800 wikTY |
c.800 | AWSAN appears as independent nation until 500. HAGAR YAHIRR (location unknown) becomes capital of Awsan kingdom. | 800 ade, wikAHY, wikTY |
Though the city lasts until 600s, the kingdom of Aswan soon fades out of history, to be replaced by Yemen. | ||
c.760 | AB'AMAR SAQID becomes 1st documented king of Nashan until ?. | 760 rri |
c.750 | Kingdom of MA'IN V begins until 100. Capital at Karna (Baraqish). | 800 wikTY 800-700 ade, wikAHY |
c.750 | TIHAMA Semitic culture of Yemen, settling Ethiopian highlands from ?, peaks and begins decline. | 800-700 ade |
c.750 | SABAEANS begin to rule Aseer region of southwest Yemen until 275CE. Capital at MARIB on the edge of the mountains regions in Sirwah. | 800 wikTY 800-700 ade |
c.750 | Kingdom of Hadramawt begins until 300CE. | 8-700 wikAHY |
c.750 | ZABIBE becomes queen of Qedar until 735. First monarch explicitly associated with Qedar in Assyrian texts. |
750 hifiK, wikQd |
c.746 | ZABIBE queen of Qedar 750-35 makes dau SAMSIE co-queen. | 746 hifiK |
c.735 | ZABIBE queen of Qedar from 750 ends. Dau SAMSIE continues until 710. | 735 hifiK |
c.732/1 | TIGLATH-PILESER-III, king of Assyria 745-27 claims to receive tribute from an Arabian queen, and lists SHEBA among tribes of northwest Arabia. | 732/1 IDB 4-311 |
c.730 | TEMA (town and oasis in northwest Arabia) comes under Assyria until 609. | 730 rcAr |
c.719 | Temple of Marib is finished. | 719 wikTY |
c.718 | War between Ma'in and the Sabeans. | 718 wikTY |
c.716 | After securing their borders with Ma'in, the Sabeans move their capital to the more accessible Marib. | 716 wikTY |
c.716 | West SINAI subdued by Assyrians. | 716 Jud 14-881 |
c.715 | The Sabeans control the trade line and start recording diplomatic relationships with Assyrians. | 715 wikTY |
c.710 | SAMSIE queen of Qedar from 735 ends. YATIE succeeds until 695. | 735 wikQd 710 hifiK |
c.709 | HAASA (east coast of Arabia, primarily the region opposite Qatar and Bahrain, but extending north along coast toward Kuwait), under Dilmun from 1450, comes under Assyria until 650. | 709 rcAr |
c.709 | DILMUN island, an important trading center from 2050, independent city-state from 1100, comes under Assyria until 609. UPERI is ruler until 706. | 709 rcAr |
c.706 | UPERI, ruler of DILMUN island under Assyria from 709, ends. AHUNDARU-I succeeds until 685. | 706 rcAr |
c.700 | DAM at Marib, capital of SABA from 1725, reconstructed over a previous dam built c.1725 to collect spring water, and let it out as needed to irrigate crops. Irrigates 25,000 acres. It lasts until 500. | 700 ade 550 PW 16 |
c.700 | The Qatabani build Timna and rebel against authority of Saba. | 700 wikTY |
c.700 | ARABIC SCRIPT (South Semitic) produced in Yemen. | 800 ade 8-700 wss 700 mxfld |
c.695 | YATIE queen of Qedar from 735 ends. TE'ELHUNU succeeds until 690. | 695 hifiK, wikQd |
c.691 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, invades north Arabia until 689. | 691 ISBE 2-887 |
c.690 | TE'ELHUNU queen of Qedar from 695 captured by Sennacherib and taken to Assyria. HAZAEL succeeds until 676. | 690 wikQd |
c.689 | SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria 705-681, in Arabia from 691, departs to deal with rebellion in Babylon. | 689 ISBE 2-887 |
c.685 | AHUNDARU-I, ruler of DILMUN island under Assyria from 706, ends. QANAYEH succeeds until 660. | 685 rcAr |
c.685 | NAJRAN, town in southwest Arabia, comes under Saba until 25CE. | 685 rcAr |
c.676 | HAZAEL king of Qedar from 690 ends. Son YAUTA succeeds until 652. | 676 hifiK, wikQd |
c.676 | ESARHADDON, king of Assyria and Babylon 681-69, raids Arabia. | 676 DOTT 73, Jud 6-853, MCAW 68 |
c.675 | The Qatabani rebellion from 700 is suppressed by Karibil Watar, who brings all of South Arabia under Sabean rule. | 675 wikTY |
c.660 | QANAYEH, ruler of DILMUN island under Assyria from 685, ends. AHUNDARU-II succeeds until 635. | 660 rcAr |
c.650 | HAGAR YAHIRR destroyed by king Karibil Watar of Saba. | 600s ade |
c.652 | YAUTA king of Qedar from 676 ends. ABIYATE son of Teri succeeds until 644, but never gains support of his people. | 652 hifiK, wikQd |
c.650 | HAASA (east coast of Arabia, primarily the region opposite Qatar and Bahrain, but extending north along coast toward Kuwait), under Assyria from 709, comes under Gerrha until 300CE. | 650 rcAr |
c.645 | Assyrian campaign against tribes of Qedar, Su-mu-An and Nebaioth. | 645 rri |
c.644 | ABIYATE, king of Qedar from 652, ends. Kingdom of QEDAR conquered by Assyria, under Assyria until 610. | 644 hifiK, rcJdn, wikQd |
c.635 | AHUNDARU-II, ruler of DILMUN island under Assyria from 660, ends. Dilmun continues under Assyria until 609. | 635 rcAr |
c.620 | Karabil Watar-II becomes king of Saba until 600. | 620 wikLRSH |
c.610 | QEDAR, under Assyria from 644, comes under Babylon until 539. | 610 hifiK, rcJdn |
c.609 | TEMA (town and oasis in northwest Arabia) under Assyria from 730, comes under Babylon until 539. | 609 rcAr |
c.609 | DILMUN island, under Assyria from 709, comes under Babylon until 539. | 609 rcAr |
c.600 | YAHARIL becomes 1st king of Haram until ?. His dynasty lasts until 175. | 600 rri |
c.600 | Karabil Watar-II, king of Saba from 620, ends. Son Samah ali Zarih succeeds until 580. | 600 wikLRSH |
c.600 | SABA peaks in power and extends hegemony across the Red Sea establishing the Damot Kingdom, which will be the nucleus of Semitic culture of East Africa. It is not the first attempt of the Qahtanis to expand to the African coast. | 600 wikTY |
c.598 | NEBUCHADREZZAR-II king of Babylon 605-562, departs from Babylon, invades northwest Arabia, then proceeds to returns to Syria and Levant until 596. | 599 RAI2 316 598 B76 11-988, 12-925, IDB 3-530, MCAW 78, MNHK 186, Sdl 4-349, SOTS 235 |
c.585 | AMMIYITHA becomes 1st king of Kaminahu until 570. | 585 rri |
c.580 | MATIIL becomes ruler of rebel Qedarites at Dedan until 565. | 580 hifiK, wikQd |
c.580 | Samah ali Zarih, king of Saba from 600, ends. Son Karabil Watar-III succeeds until 570. | 580 wikLRSH |
c.570 | Karabil Watar-III, king of Saba from 580, ends. Bro Ilsharih-I succeeds until 560. | 570 wikLRSH |
c.570 | AMMIYITHA, 1st king of Kaminahu from 585, ends. His line continues thru 8 more documented rulers to 475. | 570 rri |
c.565 | MATIIL ruler of rebel Qedarites at Dedan from 580 ends. Son KABARIL succeeds until 550. | 565 hifiK, wikQd |
c.560 | Ilsharih-I, king of Saba from 570, ends. Neph Yadail Bayin-V succeeds until 540. | 560 wikLRSH |
c.552 | NABONIDUS, king of Babylon 556-39, fails to see danger of Cyrus-II, goes south into Arabia until 540. TEMA, large oasis in west Arabia, taken by Nabonidus, who plans to retire there. | 552 B76 11-989, OCD 91 550 MCAW 88, rri 549 RAI2 322 by 548 SOTS 239 no date: MCAW 88 |
I doubt that this is identical to the location presently called Tema, or even Dumah, because of their remoteness. |
c.550 | KABARIL ruler of rebel Qedarites at Dedan from 565 ends. NABONIDUS rules from Tema until 540. | 550 hifiK, wikQd |
c.550 | WAQAHIL YAFUSH becomes king of Inabba until 530. | 550 rri |
c.550 | States around Red Sea and Gulf of Aden rise because of overland export of frankincense and myrrh from south Arabia to Mediterranean. | 550 PW 16 |
c.546 | NABONIDUS king of Babylon 556-39, goes to Tema, Arabia until 540. | 546 Tmsn 169 |
c.540 | NABONIDUS king of Babylon 556-39, leaves Tema, returns to Babylon. | 545 RAI2 322 542 B76 11-989 540 MCAW 92, rri 539 B76 VII-158, hifiK |
c.540 | Yadail Bayin-V, king of Saba from 560, ends. Son Yakrib Malek Watar-IV succeeds until 520. | 540 wikLRSH |
c.539 | TEMA, under Babylon from 609, no longer so. | 539 rcAr |
c.539 | QEDAR, under Babylon from 610, comes under Persia until 332. | 539 hifiK, rcJdn |
c.539 | DILMUN island, under Babylon from 609, comes under GERRHA until 125. | 539 rcAr |
c.535 | LABAN becomes ruler of Nashan in southwest Arabia until 520. | 535 rcAr |
c.535 | MARTAWUN becomes king of Awsan until 520. | 535 rcAr |
c.530 | WAQAHIL YAFUSH, king of Inabba from 550, ends. | 530 rri |
c.520 | LABAN, ruler of Nashan from 535, ends. SUMHUYAFA YASRAN succeeds until 500. | 520 rcAr |
c.520 | MARTAWUN, king of Awsan from 535, ends. | 520 rcAr |
c.520 | AWSAN (Ausan), ancient state on coast, comes under Saba until 250. | 520 rcAr, wikQd |
c.520 | Yakrib Malek Watar-IV, king of Saba from 540, ends. Son Yatha Amar Bayin-IV succeeds until 500. | 520 wikLRSH |
CONFUSION ALERT! SABA in Arabia is different from Saba (Seba) Ethiopia, (Isaiah 43:3 and 45:14).
c.510 | MAHLAY becomes king of Qedar until 490. | 510 wikQd |
c.500 | SUMHUYAFA YASRAN, ruler of Nashan from 520, ends. YADIAB AMIR succeeds until 480. | 500 rcAr, rri |
Arabia 500-301
V